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This book introduces the recent technologies introduced for gases capture including CO2, CO, SO2, H2S, NOx, and H2. Various processes and theories for gas capture and removal are presented. The book provides a useful source of information for engineers and specialists, as well as for undergraduate and postgraduate students in the fields of environmental and chemical science and engineering.

History of engineering & technology --- in situ gasification chemical looping combustion --- high-flux circulating fluidized bed --- counter-flow moving bed --- gas leakage --- coupling mechanism --- carbon capture and utilization --- biogas upgrading --- calcium carbonate precipitation --- chemical absorption --- gas pressure --- gas content --- gas basic parameters --- rapid estimation technology --- supercritical water oxidation --- high-pressure separation --- oxygen recovery --- energy recovery --- economic analysis --- coal-direct chemical looping combustion --- theoretical methodology --- high-flux --- pressure gradient --- gas mole fraction --- activity --- UNIFAC --- phase equilibrium --- threshold value --- CO2 capture --- calcium looping --- chemical sorption --- anti-attrition --- pore-former particle size --- Reaction --- kinetics --- carbon dioxide --- N-methyldiethanolamine --- L-Arginine --- stopped flow technique --- carbon capture --- CO2 sequestration --- steel-making waste --- steel slag --- H2S absorption --- amine solutions --- glycols --- desulfurization --- aqueous and non-aqueous solutions --- gas diffusion --- unipore diffusion model --- bidisperse diffusion model --- dispersive diffusion model --- refinery plants --- industrial gas streams --- petrochemical processes --- waste gases --- activated carbons --- catalytic activation --- physicochemical structure --- SO2 adsorption --- optimal conceptual design --- market prediction --- economic uncertainty --- environmental impact --- carbon dioxide separation --- Aspen Plus --- CCGT --- Taguchi --- Minitab --- optimization --- 2-Amino-2-Methyl-1-Propanol --- modelling and Simulation --- post-combustion capture --- exergy analysis --- flowsheeting configurations --- nanofluids --- absorption intensification --- mass transfer coefficient --- bubble column --- global warming --- membrane contactor --- removal of NO2 and CO2 --- coke oven --- carbonaceous deposits --- spectral analysis --- mechanism --- arsenene --- doping --- first principles study --- gas adsorption --- two-dimensional --- waste polyurethane foam --- physical activation --- high selectivity --- ultra-micropore --- mechanical activation --- iron ore --- carbonation --- calcination --- recyclability --- mechanochemical reactions --- carbonation kinetics --- MXene --- gas separation --- Knudsen diffusion --- molecular sieving --- transport mechanism --- spiral nozzle --- gas absorption --- spray atomization --- droplet size --- droplet velocity --- gas emission --- capture --- CO2

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Algae have been used since ancient times as food for humans, animal feed, agricultural fertilizer, and as a source of substances for therapeutic use. Currently, seaweed represents a vast source of raw materials used in the pharmaceutical, food, traditional medicine, and cosmetics industries. They are nutritionally valuable, both fresh and dried, or as ingredients in a wide variety of pre-made foods. In particular, seaweed contains significant amounts of protein, lipids, minerals, and vitamins. Information is limited on the role of algae and their metabolites in therapy. Only a few taxa have been studied for use in medicine. Many traditional cultures report the healing powers of selected algae in tropical and subtropical marine forms. This is especially true in the maritime areas of Asia, where the sea plays a significant role in daily activities. However, currently, only a few genera and species of algae are involved in aspects of medicine and therapy. The beneficial uses of seaweed or seaweed products include those that can mimic specific manifestations of human disease, production of antibiotic compounds, or improved human nutrition.

alginate --- minerals --- n/a --- edible seaweed --- macro algae --- Mycoplasma pneumoniae --- nutritional value --- seaweeds --- low molecular weight fucoidan --- osteoblast --- huBM-MSC --- ulvan --- HDL-C --- diffusion model --- adjuvant --- phlorotannin --- chlorophylls --- alkaline phosphatase --- raw laver --- heavy metals adsorption --- quantification --- colorectal cancer --- microbial risk --- processing technology --- anticoagulant activity --- isolation --- keratinocytes --- Black Sea --- Osmundea pinnatifida --- marine algae --- feed --- antigen-specific antibody --- bromophenols --- Ulva rigida --- carotenoids --- natural resources --- LDL-C --- functional substance --- agriculture --- particulate matter --- processed laver product --- reactive oxygen species --- health functionality --- cancer stem cells --- cytotoxicity --- HPLC --- omics-based technology --- Sargassum muticum --- TC reduction --- FTIR-ATR --- chemical risk --- enzymatic extracts --- n-3 PUFAs --- mono and polysaccharides --- health --- chemical sulfation --- food --- TC --- NMR --- TG --- carrageenan --- antitumour activity --- NK cell --- Cystoseira barbata --- EPA --- phlorofucofuroeckol A --- Ecklonia cava --- macroalgae/seaweed

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“Symmetry Breaking in Cells and Tissues” presents a collection of seventeen reviews, opinions and original research papers contributed by theoreticians, physicists and mathematicians, as well as experimental biologists, united by a common interest in biological pattern formation and morphogenesis. The contributors discuss diverse manifestations of symmetry breaking in biology and showcase recent developments in experimental and theoretical approaches to biological morphogenesis and pattern formation on multiple scales.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- actin waves --- curved proteins --- dynamic instability --- podosomes --- diffusion --- cell polarity --- Cdc42 --- stress --- cellular memory --- phase separation --- prions --- apoptotic extrusion --- oncogenic extrusion --- contractility --- actomyosin --- bottom-up synthetic biology --- motor proteins --- pattern formation --- self-organization --- cell motility --- signal transduction --- actin dynamics --- intracellular waves --- polarization --- direction sensing --- symmetry-breaking --- biphasic responses --- reaction-diffusion --- membrane and cortical tension --- cell fusion --- cortexillin --- cytokinesis --- Dictyostelium --- myosin --- symmetry breaking --- cytoplasmic flow --- phase-space analysis --- nonlinear waves --- actin polymerization --- bifurcation theory --- mass conservation --- spatial localization --- activator–inhibitor models --- developmental transitions --- cell polarization --- mathematical model --- fission yeast --- reaction–diffusion model --- small GTPases --- Cdc42 oscillations --- pseudopod --- Ras activation --- cytoskeleton --- chemotaxis --- neutrophils --- natural variation --- modelling --- activator-substrate mechanism --- mass-conserved models --- intracellular polarization --- partial differential equations --- sensitivity analysis --- GTPase activating protein (GAP) --- fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe --- CRY2-CIBN --- optogenetics --- clustering --- positive feedback --- network evolution --- Saccharomyces cerevisiae --- polarity --- modularity --- neutrality --- n/a

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This Special Issue is devoted to some serious problems that the Fractional Calculus (FC) is currently confronted with and aims at providing some answers to the questions like “What are the fractional integrals and derivatives?”, “What are their decisive mathematical properties?”, “What fractional operators make sense in applications and why?’’, etc. In particular, the “new fractional derivatives and integrals” and the models with these fractional order operators are critically addressed. The Special Issue contains both the surveys and the research contributions. A part of the articles deals with foundations of FC that are considered from the viewpoints of the pure and applied mathematics, and the system theory. Another part of the Special issue addresses the applications of the FC operators and the fractional differential equations. Several articles devoted to the numerical treatment of the FC operators and the fractional differential equations complete the Special Issue.

Research & information: general --- Mathematics & science --- fractional derivatives --- fractional integrals --- fractional calculus --- fractional anti-derivatives --- fractional operators --- integral transforms --- convergent series --- fractional integral --- fractional derivative --- numerical approximation --- translation operator --- distributed lag --- time delay --- scaling --- dilation --- memory --- depreciation --- probability distribution --- fractional models --- fractional differentiation --- distributed time delay systems --- Volterra equation --- adsorption --- fractional differential equations --- numerical methods --- smoothness assumptions --- persistent memory --- initial values --- existence --- uniqueness --- Crank–Nicolson scheme --- weighted Shifted Grünwald–Letnikov approximation --- space fractional convection-diffusion model --- stability analysis --- convergence order --- Caputo–Fabrizio operator --- Atangana–Baleanu operator --- fractional falculus --- general fractional derivative --- general fractional integral --- Sonine condition --- fractional relaxation equation --- fractional diffusion equation --- Cauchy problem --- initial-boundary-value problem --- inverse problem --- fractional calculus operators --- special functions --- generalized hypergeometric functions --- integral transforms of special functions

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This collection of articles focuses on different aspects of the study of organic conductors. Recent progress in both theoretical and experimental studies is covered in this Special Issue. Papers on a wide variety of studies are categorized into representative topics of chemistry and physics. Besides classical studies on the crystalline organic conductors, applied studies on semiconducting thin films and a number of new topics shared with inorganic materials are also discussed.

Technology: general issues --- Chemical engineering --- organic π-radical --- molecular conductor --- phthalocyanine --- three-dimensional network --- three-dimensional electronic system --- organic conductors --- bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (BEDT-TTF) --- bis(ethylenediseleno)tetrathiafulvalene (BEST) --- bis(ethylenedithio)tetraselenafulvalene (BETS) --- electrical resistivity --- magnetic susceptibility --- X-ray analysis --- charge-ordered state --- quantum chemical calculations --- Madelung energy --- magnetic property --- reversible transformation --- spin ladder --- nodal line semimetal --- single-component molecular conductor --- conductivity --- DOS --- tight-binding model --- interacting electrons in one dimension --- electronic and lattice instabilities --- renormalization group method --- X-ray diffraction --- single crystal --- electron density --- molecular orbital --- single-component molecular conductors --- extended-TTF dithiolate ligands --- gold dithiolate complexes --- (BETS)2Fe1−xGaxCl4 --- π-d interaction --- NMR --- charge glass --- heat capacity --- electric current --- electric voltage --- Boson peak --- chirality --- tetrathiafulvalene --- crystal structures --- band structure calculations --- hydrogen bonding --- charge-transfer salts --- (TMTTF)2X --- deuteration --- anions --- charge transport --- tunnel junction --- MOCVD --- quantum well --- co-doping --- solar cells --- (TMTSF)8(I3)5 --- (TMTSF)5(I3)2 --- (TMTSF)4(I3)4·THF --- organic conductor --- crystal structure --- high pressure --- DFT --- MP2 --- organic superconductors --- Beechgard salts --- Maxwell-Garnett approximation --- high-Tc --- pressure effect --- Dirac electron system --- resistivity --- magnetoresistance --- synchrotron X-ray diffraction --- band calculation --- correlated electron materials --- layered organic conductor --- unconventional superconductivity --- vortex dynamics --- d-wave pairing symmetry --- superconducting gap structure --- magnetic field --- flux-flow resistivity --- charge-ordered insulator --- electric double layer transistor --- organic field-effect transistor --- π–d system --- Mott insulator --- strongly correlated electron system --- multiferroic --- dielectric --- photoconductor --- organic semiconductors --- molecular orbitals --- pyroelectricity --- temperature modulation --- molecular ferroelectrics --- radiative temperature control --- thermal diffusion model --- lithium niobate --- first-principles calculation --- density-functional theory --- charge ordering --- hybrid functional --- electronic structure --- nickel–dithiolene complex --- cycloalkane substituent --- crystalline organic charge-transfer complexes --- disordered systems --- overlap integrals --- extended Hückel approximation --- Dirac electrons --- zero-gap semiconductors --- merging of Dirac cones --- n/a --- π-d system --- nickel-dithiolene complex --- extended Hückel approximation