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This book introduces the Special Issue entitled “Applications of Internet of Things”, of ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. Topics covered in this issue include three main parts: (I) intelligent transportation systems (ITSs), (II) location-based services (LBSs), and (III) sensing techniques and applications. Three papers on ITSs are as follows: (1) “Vehicle positioning and speed estimation based on cellular network signals for urban roads,” by Lai and Kuo; (2) “A method for traffic congestion clustering judgment based on grey relational analysis,” by Zhang et al.; and (3) “Smartphone-based pedestrian’s avoidance behavior recognition towards opportunistic road anomaly detection,” by Ishikawa and Fujinami. Three papers on LBSs are as follows: (1) “A high-efficiency method of mobile positioning based on commercial vehicle operation data,” by Chen et al.; (2) “Efficient location privacy-preserving k-anonymity method based on the credible chain,” by Wang et al.; and (3) “Proximity-based asynchronous messaging platform for location-based Internet of things service,” by Gon Jo et al. Two papers on sensing techniques and applications are as follows: (1) “Detection of electronic anklet wearers’ groupings throughout telematics monitoring,” by Machado et al.; and (2) “Camera coverage estimation based on multistage grid subdivision,” by Wang et al.

Technology: general issues --- urban traffic --- grey relational membership degree --- traffic congestion judgment --- mobile positioning --- commercial vehicle operation data --- cellular network --- cloud computing --- location-based service --- Internet of Things --- distributed system architecture --- intelligent transportation system --- cellular networks --- vehicle positioning --- speed estimation --- machine learning --- road anomaly --- avoidance --- behavior recognition --- smartphone --- opportunistic sensing --- anklet monitoring and tracking --- detection algorithms --- geoprocessing --- Law Enforcement Telecommunications Systems (LETS) --- sensor data fusion --- camera coverage estimation --- multistage grid subdivision --- line of sight --- viewshed analysis --- obstacle --- k-anonymity --- location-based services --- location privacy --- the credible chain

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Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) cause a drug to affect other drugs, leading to reduced drug efficacy or increased toxicity of the affected drug. Some well-known interactions are known to be the cause of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) that are life threatening to the patient. Traditionally, DDI have been evaluated around the selective action of drugs on specific CYP enzymes. The interaction of drugs with CYP remains very important in drug interactions but, recently, other important mechanisms have also been studied as contributing to drug interaction including transport- or UDP-glucuronyltransferase as a Phase II reaction-mediated DDI. In addition, novel mechanisms of regulating DDIs can also be suggested. In the case of the substance targeted for interaction, not only the DDIs but also the herb–drug or food–drug interactions have been reported to be clinically relevant in terms of adverse side effects. Reporting examples of drug interactions on a marketed drug or studies on new mechanisms will be very helpful for preventing the side effects of the patient taking these drugs. This Special Issue aims to highlight current progress in understanding both the clinical and nonclinical interactions of commercial drugs and the elucidation of the mechanisms of drug interactions.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- tadalafil --- ticagrelor --- drug-drug interaction --- pharmacokinetics --- plasma concentration --- CYP3A4 --- Loxoprofen --- CYP3A --- Dexamethasone --- Ketoconazole --- CYP2D6 --- O-desmethyltramadol --- physiologically-based pharmacokinetics --- tramadol --- (‒)-sophoranone --- CYP2C9 --- potent inhibition --- in vitro --- in vivo --- drug interaction --- low permeability --- high plasma protein binding --- biflavonoid --- cytochrome P450 --- drug interactions --- selamariscina A --- uridine 5′-diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase --- tissue-specific --- systemic exposure --- P-glycoprotein (P-gp) --- organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2) --- Rumex acetosa --- fexofenadine --- chronic kidney disease --- drug–drug interactions --- polypharmacy --- adverse drug reactions --- Lexicomp --- subset analysis --- signal detection algorithms --- spontaneous reporting systems --- mechanism-based inhibition --- competitive inhibition --- non-competitive inhibition --- substrate --- inhibitor --- cytochromes P450 --- OATP1B1 --- OATP1B3 --- tyrosine kinase inhibitors --- drug-drug interactions --- migraine --- lasmiditan --- gepants --- monoclonal antibodies --- CYP1A1 --- CYP1A2 --- drug–drug interaction --- expression --- metabolism --- regulation --- drug transporter --- ubiquitination --- ixazomib --- DDI --- computational prediction --- in silico --- QSAR --- drug metabolism --- ADME --- CYP --- metabolic DDI --- P450 --- 1A2 --- 2B6 --- 2C19 --- 2C8 --- 2C9 --- 2D6 --- 3A4