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Cognitive training is not always effective. This is also the case for the form of cognitive training that this Research Topic focuses on: prolonged performance on game-like cognitive tasks. The ultimate goal of this cognitive training is to improve ecologically-valid target functions. For example, cognitive training should help children with ADHD to stay focused at school, or help older adults to manage the complexity of daily life. However, so far this goal has proven too ambitious. Transfer from trained to non-trained tasks is not even guaranteed in a laboratory, so there is a strong need for understanding how, when and for how long cognitive training has effect. Which cognitive functions are amenable to game training, for whom, and how? Are there mediating factors for success, such as motivation, attention, or age? Are the improvements real, or can they be attributed to nonspecific factors, such as outcome expectancy or demand characteristics? Are there better strategies to improve cognitive functions through game training? This Research Topic of Frontiers in Human Neuroscience charts current insights in the determinants of success of game training.

Game theory. --- Neuroplasticity. --- Learning --- Brain --- transfer --- Video Games --- Cognition --- brain plasticity --- cognitive training --- Learning --- Brain --- transfer --- Video Games --- Cognition --- brain plasticity --- cognitive training

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The field of cognitive aging has evolved from a focus on cataloging age-related declines of brain and mind in healthy older people to a focus on interventions aimed at limiting those declines. Intervention research has obtained convincing evidence of the cognitive benefits of aerobic exercise and working memory training. Recently interest has broadened to include interventions that consider the social and physical environment of the aged individual. Examples of this are investigations of training cognitive-motor integration, interventions to reduce loneliness, mindfulness training, and human factors-based approaches to cognitive deficits. Such approaches move beyond targeting specific abilities in isolation to consider more broadly the overall well-being of the healthy older person. In this Research Topic we call for both empirical and review papers that consider interventions aimed at reducing cognitive and brain aging but also approaches that consider older individuals (animal and human) in their physical and social environment.

Science: general issues --- Neurosciences --- mindfulness --- meditation --- tDCS --- neurofeedback --- smartphone apps software --- exergaming ---  cognitive aging --- brain plasticity --- cognitive training --- physical exercise --- multidomain interventions --- mindfulness --- meditation --- tDCS --- neurofeedback --- smartphone apps software --- exergaming ---  cognitive aging --- brain plasticity --- cognitive training --- physical exercise --- multidomain interventions

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Continuous professional development is of great importance if one is to develop quality professional work. This book contains some of the latest research advances related to the field of Physical Education and Sports. In today's globalized world, continuous and permanent education is necessary and essential to complement the initial training and previous experience. In this book, you can find a wide range of works focused on innovative teaching methodologies and psychological variables to take into account to improve classes and training. These studies on the most forward-looking technological advances in physical activity and sports are useful for those who seek to be up-to-date on this type of research. In addition, these studies will be useful to consult regarding current lifestyle, the creation of healthy habits, the promotion of physical activity in one’s free time, and the importance of leading an active life.

Humanities --- Education --- teacher psychological control --- psychological need frustration --- emotional intelligence --- meta-cognitive strategies --- physical education --- misbehaviours --- adolescent --- teaching --- secondary school --- multilevel regression models --- enjoyment --- physical activity in nature --- outdoor education --- teenagers --- educational innovation --- digital learning --- experimentation --- learning impact --- didactic benefits --- primary and secondary education --- TGfU --- sport pedagogy --- technique-focused approaches --- tactical approaches --- children --- player development --- sport --- competition --- rules --- technique --- tactics --- self-determination theory --- intrinsic motivation --- basic psychological needs --- physical activity --- need support --- need satisfaction --- motivation --- physical activity promotion --- moral development --- ethical development --- fair play --- sporting behavior --- instructional models --- models-based practice --- skill-drill-game approaches --- curriculum and instruction --- older people --- quality of life --- exercise --- prevention --- falls --- tactical games approach --- direct instruction --- gender --- experience --- anger expression --- personality --- perfectionist efforts --- sports technology --- fitness tests --- schoolchildren --- warm-up --- sporting activities --- cognitive tasks --- inhibition --- working memory --- shifting --- engagement --- disaffection --- invariance --- Mexico --- virtual reality --- aging --- hippocampus --- neuropsychology --- body image --- education --- sustainable sports tourism --- sports for all --- MCDM --- Bayesian BWM --- rough DEMATEL --- Attitudinal Style --- initial teacher training --- teaching role --- transferability of learning --- sexual activity --- posture --- IOC --- kinematics --- WIMU --- perceptual training --- cognitive training --- decision-making --- volleyball --- referee --- referee-players interactions --- handball --- educational practice --- pedagogical function --- youth sport --- HRV --- endurance training --- training performance --- high level athletes --- VO2max --- running --- psychomotor performance --- functional evaluation --- human development --- righting skill --- rising from the floor --- floor-to-stand --- supine rise tasks --- prosocial behavior --- antisocial behavior --- primary school --- structural equation model --- trans-contextual education --- longitudinal design --- university students --- gymnastic skills --- autonomy support --- self-control --- performance --- heart rate variability --- high-level athletes --- maximal oxygen uptake --- satisfaction --- boredom --- secondary education --- teacher psychological control --- psychological need frustration --- emotional intelligence --- meta-cognitive strategies --- physical education --- misbehaviours --- adolescent --- teaching --- secondary school --- multilevel regression models --- enjoyment --- physical activity in nature --- outdoor education --- teenagers --- educational innovation --- digital learning --- experimentation --- learning impact --- didactic benefits --- primary and secondary education --- TGfU --- sport pedagogy --- technique-focused approaches --- tactical approaches --- children --- player development --- sport --- competition --- rules --- technique --- tactics --- self-determination theory --- intrinsic motivation --- basic psychological needs --- physical activity --- need support --- need satisfaction --- motivation --- physical activity promotion --- moral development --- ethical development --- fair play --- sporting behavior --- instructional models --- models-based practice --- skill-drill-game approaches --- curriculum and instruction --- older people --- quality of life --- exercise --- prevention --- falls --- tactical games approach --- direct instruction --- gender --- experience --- anger expression --- personality --- perfectionist efforts --- sports technology --- fitness tests --- schoolchildren --- warm-up --- sporting activities --- cognitive tasks --- inhibition --- working memory --- shifting --- engagement --- disaffection --- invariance --- Mexico --- virtual reality --- aging --- hippocampus --- neuropsychology --- body image --- education --- sustainable sports tourism --- sports for all --- MCDM --- Bayesian BWM --- rough DEMATEL --- Attitudinal Style --- initial teacher training --- teaching role --- transferability of learning --- sexual activity --- posture --- IOC --- kinematics --- WIMU --- perceptual training --- cognitive training --- decision-making --- volleyball --- referee --- referee-players interactions --- handball --- educational practice --- pedagogical function --- youth sport --- HRV --- endurance training --- training performance --- high level athletes --- VO2max --- running --- psychomotor performance --- functional evaluation --- human development --- righting skill --- rising from the floor --- floor-to-stand --- supine rise tasks --- prosocial behavior --- antisocial behavior --- primary school --- structural equation model --- trans-contextual education --- longitudinal design --- university students --- gymnastic skills --- autonomy support --- self-control --- performance --- heart rate variability --- high-level athletes --- maximal oxygen uptake --- satisfaction --- boredom --- secondary education