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Servius Grammaticus is believed to have been active in the later part of the fourth century CE. Little is known about him (not even the correct form of his name) but he was traditionally thought to have been a pupil of the great grammarian Donatus. The most important work ascribed to him is this commentary on the Aeneid, Eclogues and Georgics of Vergil, which clarifies the content and language of Vergil's poems by citing other Latin authors, some of whose works are now lost and may be known only from Servius' references to them. This three-volume Latin edition (in four parts), begun by Georg Thilo (1831-93) and completed after Thilo's death by Hermann Hagen (1844-98), was published in Germany between 1878 and 1902, and is still regularly consulted by scholars of Vergil and of Latin literature. Volume 1 contains Servius' commentary on Aeneid Books 1-5.

Virgil --- Virgil. --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Vergilius Maro, P. --- Vergilius Maro, Publius --- Vergilius --- Vergil --- Virgile --- Virgilio Máron, Publio --- Virgilius Maro, Publius --- Vergili Maronis, Publius --- Virgilio Marone, P. --- Vergilīĭ --- Vergílio --- Wergiliusz --- Vergilīĭ Maron, P. --- Vergilīĭ Maron, Publīĭ --- Verhiliĭ Maron, P. --- Virgilio --- Virgilīĭ, --- Virgilius Maro, P. --- Virgil Maro, P. --- ווירגיל, --- וירגיליוס, --- ורגיליוס, --- מרו, פובליוס ורגיליוס, --- فرجيل, --- Pseudo-Virgil --- Pseudo Virgilio --- Virgilio Marón, Publio --- Bhārjila --- Marone, Publio Virgilio

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Virgil's fourth Eclogue is one of the most quoted, adapted and discussed works of classical literature. This study traces the fortunes of Eclogue 4 in the literature and art of the Italian Renaissance. It sheds new light on some of the most canonical works of Western art and literature, as well as introducing a large number of other, lesser-known items, some of which have not appeared in print since their original publication, while others are extant only in manuscript. Individual chapters are devoted to the uses made of the fourth Eclogue in the political panegyric of Medici Florence, the Venetian Republic and the Renaissance papacy, and to religious appropriations of the Virgilian text in the genres of epic and pastoral poetry. The book also investigates the appearance of quotations from the poem in fifteenth- and sixteenth-century fresco cycles representing the prophetic Sibyls in Italian churches.

Renaissance --- Virgil. --- Virgil --- Vergilius Maro, P. --- Vergilius Maro, Publius --- Vergilius --- Vergil --- Virgile --- Virgilio Máron, Publio --- Virgilius Maro, Publius --- Vergili Maronis, Publius --- Virgilio Marone, P. --- Vergilīĭ --- Vergílio --- Wergiliusz --- Vergilīĭ Maron, P. --- Vergilīĭ Maron, Publīĭ --- Verhiliĭ Maron, P. --- Virgilio --- Virgilīĭ, --- Virgilius Maro, P. --- Virgil Maro, P. --- ווירגיל, --- וירגיליוס, --- ורגיליוס, --- מרו, פובליוס ורגיליוס, --- فرجيل, --- Pseudo-Virgil --- Pseudo Virgilio --- Virgilio Marón, Publio --- Bhārjila --- Influence. --- Italy --- Rome --- Civilization --- Roman influences. --- Marone, Publio Virgilio

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In the early modern period, the culture of Rome, with Virgil as its greatest figure, was the model for emulation. The age of Louis XIV compared itself to the Augustan age, and Dryden hailed Virgil as 'my Divine Master.' But in 18th-century Europe, a general shift occurred in favor of Greece, a trend that was most pronounced in Germany. Winckelmann, the spokesman for philhellenism, extolled Greek art and dismissed all Roman art as derivative and Virgil as second rate and incapable of understanding true beauty. Yet he nonetheless remained indebted to Virgil for his view of Greek art, although he failed to recognize it. The export of Winckelmann's new view of Virgil and more generally Roman culture - shared to varying extents by Lessing, Herder, Goethe, and the brothers Schlegel - to the rest of Europe in the 19th century, particularly to the English-speaking world via Coleridge and Matthew Arnold] soon made it the reigning dogma: indeed it formed the point of departure for Virgil scholarship in the 20th century. This, however, did not prevent German poets from using Virgil, although neither they nor later scholars called attention to it. Virgil became a repressed muse, and has a continued, unexamined presence in the epic and idyll of Klopstock, Wieland, Goethe, and Novalis. Geoffrey Atherton's comparative investigation of the relation of modernity to antiquity through Virgil and his twofold reception represents a new perspective on this issue. Geoffrey Atherton is assistant professor in the Department of German Studies at Connecticut College.

German literature --- Aesthetics, German --- History and criticism. --- Virgil --- Vergilius Maro, P. --- Vergilius Maro, Publius --- Vergilius --- Vergil --- Virgile --- Virgilio Máron, Publio --- Virgilius Maro, Publius --- Vergili Maronis, Publius --- Virgilio Marone, P. --- Vergilīĭ --- Vergílio --- Wergiliusz --- Vergilīĭ Maron, P. --- Vergilīĭ Maron, Publīĭ --- Verhiliĭ Maron, P. --- Virgilio --- Virgilīĭ, --- Virgilius Maro, P. --- Virgil Maro, P. --- ווירגיל, --- וירגיליוס, --- ורגיליוס, --- מרו, פובליוס ורגיליוס, --- فرجيل, --- Pseudo-Virgil --- Pseudo Virgilio --- Virgilio Marón, Publio --- Bhārjila --- Influence. --- Appreciation --- Marone, Publio Virgilio

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Medieval Latin literature --- Donatus, Aelius --- Virgil --- Latin language --- -Classical languages --- Italic languages and dialects --- Classical philology --- Latin philology --- Figures of speech --- -Virgilio Marone, P. --- Vergilius Maro, Publius --- Vergilīĭ --- Virgile --- Vergílio --- Wergiliusz --- Vergilīĭ Maron, P. --- Vergilīĭ Maron, Publīĭ --- Verhiliĭ Maron, P. --- Vergil --- Virgilio --- Virgilīĭ --- Virgilius Maro, P. --- Virgilius Maro, Publius --- Virgil Maro, P. --- ווירגיל --- וירגיליוס --- ורגיליוס --- מרו, פובליוס ורגיליוס --- فرجيل --- Pseudo-Virgil --- Pseudo Virgilio --- Virgilio Marón, Publio --- Bhārjila --- Donato --- Literary style --- -Figures of speech --- -Literary style --- -Virgilio Marone, P., --- Vergilīĭ, --- Virgile, --- Vergílio, --- Wergiliusz, --- Vergilīĭ Maron, Publīĭ, --- Verhiliĭ Maron, P., --- Vergil, --- Virgilio, --- Virgilīĭ, --- Virgilius Maro, P., --- Virgilius Maro, Publius, --- Virgil Maro, P., --- ווירגיל, --- וירגיליוס, --- ורגיליוס, --- מרו, פובליוס ורגיליוס, --- فرجيل, --- Pseudo-Virgil, --- Pseudo Virgilio, --- Virgilio Marón, Publio, --- Bhārjila, --- -Aelius Donatus --- Donatus Grammaticus --- Virgilio Máron, Publio --- Vergili Maronis, Publius --- Donatus, Aelius. --- Aelius Donatus --- Literary style. --- Virgilio Marone, P., --- Vergilius Maro, P. --- Vergilius --- Virgilio Marone, P. --- Marone, Publio Virgilio

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Jerome, --- Virgil --- Vergil --- Virgile --- Virgilio Máron, Publio --- Virgilius Maro, Publius --- Vergili Maronis, Publius --- Gerolamo, --- Gérome, --- Gerónimo, --- Girolamo, --- Heronimos, --- Hieronim, --- Hieronymus, Eusebius, --- Hieronymus, --- Hieronymus, Sophronius Eusebius, --- Hieronymus, Stridonensis, --- Ieronim, Stridonskiĭ, --- Iheronimus, --- Jerónimo, --- Jerōnimos, --- Knowledge --- Literature. --- Influence. --- Vergilius Maro, Publius --- Bible --- Criticism, interpretation, etc --- History --- Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600 A.D. --- Jerome --- Quotations --- Virgilius Maro, Publius, --- Virgilio Marone, P., --- Vergilīĭ, --- Virgile, --- Vergílio, --- Wergiliusz, --- Vergilīĭ Maron, P. --- Vergilīĭ Maron, Publīĭ, --- Verhiliĭ Maron, P., --- Vergil, --- Virgilio, --- Virgilīĭ, --- Virgilius Maro, P., --- Virgil Maro, P., --- ווירגיל, --- וירגיליוס, --- ורגיליוס, --- מרו, פובליוס ורגיליוס, --- فرجيل, --- Pseudo-Virgil, --- Pseudo Virgilio, --- Virgilio Marón, Publio, --- Bhārjila, --- Vergilius Maro, P. --- Vergilius --- Virgilio Marone, P. --- Vergilīĭ --- Vergílio --- Wergiliusz --- Vergilīĭ Maron, Publīĭ --- Verhiliĭ Maron, P. --- Virgilio --- Virgilius Maro, P. --- Virgil Maro, P. --- Pseudo-Virgil --- Pseudo Virgilio --- Virgilio Marón, Publio --- Bhārjila --- Jeronimi, --- Marone, Publio Virgilio --- Virgile (70-19 av. j-c.) --- Influence