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It is now widely recognized that individual-based motivational interventions alone are not sufficient to address the global pandemic of physical inactivity (lack of exercise and too much sitting time). There has been a growing interest in the effect the physically built environment can have on people’s active behaviors. The fundamental assumption is that surrounding physical environments can support active behaviors among a large number of people with long-term effects. This topic has received much attention over the last decade, mainly in the three fields of urban design, public health, and transportation. This Special Issue aims to provide multidisciplinary and evidence-based state-of-the-art research on how the locations where people live impact their active behaviors and health outcomes.

body mass --- non-communicable diseases --- step counts --- cycling --- mobility management --- obese --- active living --- health outcomes --- spatial analysis --- natural experiment --- physical environment --- neighbourhood --- review --- policy evaluation --- compact city --- Istanbul --- obesity --- streetscape features --- soft mobility --- Africa --- city planning --- age-friendly environments --- public transport --- survey --- urban health --- neighborhood --- street network configuration --- questionnaire --- Discovery Tool --- built environment --- elderly --- walkable neighborhood --- urban design --- citizen science --- geographic variation --- scale --- health promotion --- walkability --- liveability --- walking --- social connectedness --- sedentary behaviour --- active travel --- sedentary behavior --- overweight --- chronic diseases --- active transport --- walkable environment --- peripheral neighbourhoods --- traffic safety --- physical activity --- older adult --- environment --- urban form --- pedestrian flow --- infrastructure --- aging --- disease mapping --- Australia --- sitting

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Air pollution is a worldwide environmental hazard that poses serious consequences not only for human health and the climate but also for agriculture, ecosystems, and cultural heritage, among other factors. According to the WHO, there are 8 million premature deaths every year as a result of exposure to ambient air pollution. In addition, more than 90% of the world’s population live in areas where the air quality is poor, exceeding the recommended limits. On the other hand, air pollution and the climate co-influence one another through complex physicochemical interactions in the atmosphere that alter the Earth’s energy balance and have implications for climate change and the air quality. It is important to measure specific atmospheric parameters and pollutant compound concentrations, monitor their variations, and analyze different scenarios with the aim of assessing the air pollution levels and developing early warning and forecast systems as a means of improving the air quality and safeguarding public health. Such measures can also form part of efforts to achieve a reduction in the number of air pollution casualties and mitigate climate change phenomena. This book contains contributions focusing on remote sensing techniques for evaluating air quality, including the use of in situ data, modeling approaches, and the synthesis of different instrumentations and techniques. The papers published in this book highlight the importance and relevance of air quality studies and the potential of remote sensing, particularly that conducted from Earth observation platforms, to shed light on this topic.

Research & information: general --- Meteorology & climatology --- tropospheric NO2 concentrations --- nitrogen dioxide --- OMI --- spatio-temporal trends --- DBEST --- PolyTrend --- time-series analysis --- breakpoint detection --- air pollution --- TROPOMI --- COVID --- nitrogen oxides --- satellite-based --- NO2 --- land use regression --- exposure assessment --- carbon monoxide --- COVID-19 --- China --- surface concentration --- IASI --- drone --- UAV --- gas sensors --- odour --- industrial emissions --- mapping --- environmental monitoring --- aerosol optical depth --- CAMS --- machine learning --- MODIS --- urban form --- PM2.5 --- landscape metrics --- geographically weighted regression --- Yunnan Plateau --- biomass burning --- cross-border transport --- WRF-Chem --- formaldehyde --- trend --- satellite --- monitor --- annual --- seasonal --- temperature --- meteorology --- AOD --- Europe --- open data --- n/a

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Ongoing urbanization and ever-growing harmful environmental impacts from urban areas necessitate a sustainability transformation in cities. However, cities are also centers of wealth creation and consumption, which both drive environmental degradation. It is clear that cities need to re-establish themselves as low-energy/low-carbon systems, but the transformation is complex in many ways and time is running out. This Special Issue, “Energy Efficient Cities of Today and Tomorrow”, seeks to provide a more profound understanding of the future energy requirements of urban areas and low-energy and low-carbon cities. The published papers range from macro-level assessments of cities manifesting themselves as forerunners in their environmental work to micro-level studies of pro-environmental attitudes and their impacts on individual emissions, a carbon footprint impacts of sharing of goods and services.

History of engineering & technology --- pro-environmental attitude --- pro-environmental behavior --- greenhouse gases --- urban zones --- local travel --- national travel --- international travel --- energy efficient refurbishment measures --- residential buildings --- decision-making --- Theory of Planned Behavior --- energy audit --- green buildings --- LEED rating system --- operation and management --- methodology --- workflow --- historic buildings --- energy transition --- sustainable cities --- transition roadmaps --- renewable energies --- policymaking --- energy democracy --- energy mapping --- household size --- household economies of scale --- carbon footprint --- energy footprint --- consumption --- European Union --- urban --- rural --- population density --- climate change mitigation --- energy community --- urban building energy modelling --- transition management --- multi-level perspective --- sustainable transition --- energy modelling --- urban scale energy modelling --- building energy use --- localized weather data --- urban building energy use model --- Manhattan --- modelling --- Wepro model --- residential --- household --- electricity --- load profiles --- LPG --- ALPG --- Swedish cities --- passenger transport energy use --- urban form --- transport infrastructure --- mobility patterns --- public transport --- non-motorized modes

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The Heritage Patterns—Representative Models issue of Heritage welcomed twelve articles that discussed traditional and contemporary methodologies, as well as scholars from different backgrounds who intended to seek patterns of tangible heritage and its underlying principles to understand the diversity of heritage approaches. The Special Issue aims to research the patterns in heritage and the underlying rules that define tangible heritage as a universal value in spatial coexistence, economics, urban life, and design via case studies and theoretical proposals that could be implemented in the future. The pattern language and the heritage phenomenon could act as a base of observation to deduct logic and create generative algorithms (generative design); to understand the importance of spatial connection with tangible heritage and urban forms (space syntax, urban morphology, and urban morphometrics) and its visibility; as well as archaeological, architectural, and urban heritage. Based on the UNESCO-ICOMOS doctrines and the examination of morphological regions, urban morphological research and its different layers (urban forms, structural components, built environment, urban tissue, and their interaction) act as a background and foundation for general urban heritage conservation and protection proposals, and also as the base of specific interventions in the built environment caused by natural disasters.

The arts --- Architecture --- urban morphology --- historico-geographical --- town plan --- preservation --- design guidelines --- conservation --- heritage --- urban form --- town-plan --- streets --- plots --- block-plans of buildings --- New York --- urban planning --- pattern language --- generative modelling --- Vienna --- Austria-Hungary --- Barnet --- suburban centres --- spatial morphology --- heritage syntax urbanism --- community heritage --- tangible heritage --- intangible heritage --- space syntax --- cultural heritage --- industrial landscape planning --- industrial landscape --- post-industrial landscape --- industrial tourism --- industrial heritage --- spatial layout --- spatial distribution --- spatial structure --- mapping --- surveying --- indigenous place values --- colonisation --- Michel de Certeau --- lost landscapes --- design reparation --- architecture --- healing architecture --- ergonomics --- community building --- ecology --- architecture for children --- low-tech --- universal design --- vernacular architecture --- regionalism --- visibility analysis --- isovist --- field of view --- urban heritage --- built environment --- Istanbul --- architectural heritage --- spatial distribution characteristics --- influencing factors --- UNESCO heritage --- heritage protection --- urban history --- urban design of 19th century --- system of public squares and city parks --- Zagreb --- Croatia --- urban block --- urban transformation --- urban reconstruction --- historical core --- sustainable urbanisation --- liveable urbanism --- evidence-based design --- Asian cities

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This book brings together the results of field, experimental, and modeling studies related to road dust and its various size fractions as a key issue in understanding the relationships between several urban and industrial environments, and in the identification of pollution sources. The book is intended for professionals, researchers, and academicians who want to learn about new research findings regarding the chemical composition of road dust and its source, assessments of road dust and aerosol pollution levels (including express technique), environmental hazards and public health risks, the distribution of stable and radioactive isotopes in road dust, the determination of factors affecting the level of dust accumulation on roads and the intensity of its pollution, and the effect of road dust on the atmosphere and other environments. The book also provides data on some of the current challenges in studying road dust, including various aspects of the formation, transport pathways, and accumulation of road dust in urban, industrial and other areas.

Research & information: general --- Environmental economics --- Pollution control --- urban sediment --- urban landscape --- sediment transport --- municipal service --- earthworks --- environmental management --- potentially toxic metal --- road dust --- industrial area --- pollution assessment --- ecological risk --- heavy metals --- Mexico City --- urban pollution --- urban form --- color indices --- redness --- hue --- saturation --- lead --- pollution --- gross alpha activity --- gross beta activity urban environment --- sediment --- size fraction --- urban environment --- residential area --- urban surface deposited sediments --- technogenic particles --- slag --- spherules --- microplastic --- plaster --- urban dust --- metal concentration --- multi-stable isotopes (13C, 207/206Pb) --- contamination assessment --- source identification --- particulate matter --- source apportionment analysis --- health risk assessment --- Huludao --- PM10 --- dust resuspension --- sediment load --- non-exhaust emissions --- chemical profile --- enrichment factors --- Colombia --- geo-accumulation index --- inhalation --- resuspension --- cancer --- fugitive dust --- unpaved roads --- emission factors --- paved roads --- emission rates --- metals --- street dust --- enrichment factor --- Vietnam --- ultrafine particles --- UFP --- aerosolization --- incidental nanoparticles --- air pollution --- dry sieving --- human health risk --- exposure --- optical analysis --- Western Siberia --- potentially toxic elements --- traffic-related contamination --- road dust and road pavement --- particle size distribution --- source apportionment --- environmental interactions --- toxic elements and compounds --- nanoparticles and microplastic --- spatial variation and modeling --- health and ecological risks --- mitigation strategies