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When it comes to extending citizenship to certain groups, why might ruling elites say neither 'yes' nor 'no', but 'wait'? The dominant theories of citizenship tend to recognize clear distinctions between citizens and aliens; either one has citizenship or one does not. This book shows that not all populations are fully included or expelled by a state; they can be suspended in limbo - residing in a territory for protracted periods without accruing citizenship rights. This in-depth case study of the United Arab Emirates uses new archival sources and extensive interviews to show how temporary residency can be transformed into a permanent legal status, through visa renewals and the postponement of naturalization cases. In the UAE, temporary residency was also codified into a formal citizenship status through the outsourcing of passports from the Union of Comoros, allowing elites to effectively reclassify minorities into foreign residents.

Citizenship --- Aliens --- Foreign workers --- Emigration and immigration law --- Emigration and immigration --- Immigrants --- Immigration law --- Law, Emigration --- Law, Immigration --- International travel regulations --- Alien labor --- Foreign labor --- Guest workers --- Guestworkers --- Immigrant labor --- Immigrant workers --- Migrant labor (Foreign workers) --- Migrant workers (Foreign workers) --- Employees --- Enemy aliens --- Expatriates --- Foreign citizens (Aliens) --- Foreign population --- Foreign residents --- Foreigners --- Noncitizens --- Resident aliens --- Unnaturalized foreign residents --- Persons --- Deportees --- Exiles --- Refugees --- Birthright citizenship --- Citizenship (International law) --- National citizenship --- Nationality (Citizenship) --- Political science --- Public law --- Allegiance --- Civics --- Domicile --- Political rights --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Law and legislation --- Employment --- United Arab Emirates --- Federation of Arab Emirates --- UAE (United Arab Emirates) --- Imārāt al-ʻArabīyah al-Muttaḥidah --- إمارات العربية المتحدة --- Ittiḥād al-Imārāt al-ʻArabīyah --- اتحاد الإمارات العربية --- Ittiḥād Imārāt al-Khalīj al-ʻArabī --- اتحاد إمارات الخليج العربي --- Fédération des Emirats unis --- Union des Emirats arabes --- U.A.E. (United Arab Emirates) --- Emirats arabes unis --- Vereinigte Arabische Emirate --- Arabiemiirikunnat --- Arabiemiraattien liitto --- Yhdistyneet arabiemiirikunnat --- Arabiemiraatit --- Arabiemiirikuntien liitto --- Emiraatit --- Förenade Arabemiraten --- Arabemiraten --- アラブ首長国連邦 --- Arabu Shuchōkoku Renpō --- Trucial States --- Emigration and immigration. --- Noncitizen labor --- Illegal aliens --- Illegal immigrants --- Non-citizens --- Unauthorized immigrants --- Undocumented aliens --- Undocumented immigrants

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Muhammad bin Salman Al-Saud and Muhammad bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, the respective princely strongmen of Saudi Arabia and the UAE, have torn up the old rules. They have spurred game-changing economic master plans, presided over vast anti-corruption crackdowns, tackled entrenched religious forces, and overseen the mass arrest of critics. In parallel, they also appear to have replaced the old 'sheikhly' consensus systems of their predecessors with something more autocratic, more personalistic, and perhaps even analytically distinct. These are the two wealthiest and most populous Gulf monarchies, and increasingly important global powers - Saudi Arabia is a G20 member, and the UAE is the 2020 World Expo host. Such sweeping changes to their statecraft and authority structures could well end up having a direct impact, for better or worse, on policies, economies and individual lives all around the world.

Sultanate. --- Al Saud, MuhĐammad bin Salman bin Abd al-Aziz, --- Al Nahyan, Sultan bin Khalifa Zayed. --- Saudi Arabia --- United Arab Emirates --- Politics and government --- Economic conditions. --- Monarchy --- Sultan bin Khalifa Zayed Al Nahyan --- Āl Nahyān, Sulṭān ibn Khalif̄ah Zayīd --- Āl Nahayyān, Sulṭān ibn Khalif̄ah Zayīd --- Federation of Arab Emirates --- UAE (United Arab Emirates) --- Imārāt al-ʻArabīyah al-Muttaḥidah --- إمارات العربية المتحدة --- Ittiḥād al-Imārāt al-ʻArabīyah --- اتحاد الإمارات العربية --- Ittiḥād Imārāt al-Khalīj al-ʻArabī --- اتحاد إمارات الخليج العربي --- Fédération des Emirats unis --- Union des Emirats arabes --- U.A.E. (United Arab Emirates) --- Emirats arabes unis --- Vereinigte Arabische Emirate --- Arabiemiirikunnat --- Arabiemiraattien liitto --- Yhdistyneet arabiemiirikunnat --- Arabiemiraatit --- Arabiemiirikuntien liitto --- Emiraatit --- Förenade Arabemiraten --- Arabemiraten --- アラブ首長国連邦 --- Arabu Shuchōkoku Renpō --- Trucial States --- Economic history. --- Economic conditions --- History, Economic --- Economics