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Thermal properties of solids --- Superconductivity --- Supraconductivité --- Electric conductivity --- Critical currents --- Superfluidity --- Supraconductivité

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Thermal properties of solids --- High temperature superconductivity. --- Supraconductivité à hautes températures --- Supraconductivité à hautes températures

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This book covers the flux pinning mechanisms and properties and the electromagnetic phenomena caused by the flux pinning common for metallic, high-Tc and MgB2 superconductors. The condensation energy interaction known for normal precipitates or grain boundaries and the kinetic energy interaction proposed for artificial Nb pins in Nb-Ti, etc., are introduced for the pinning mechanism. Summation theories to derive the critical current density are discussed in detail. Irreversible magnetization and AC loss caused by the flux pinning are also discussed. The loss originally stems from the ohmic dissipation of normal electrons in the normal core driven by the electric field induced by the flux motion. The influence of the flux pinning on the vortex phase diagram in high Tc superconductors is discussed, and the dependencies of the irreversibility field are also described on other quantities such as anisotropy of superconductor, specimen size and electric field strength. Recent developments of critical current properties in various high-Tc superconductors and MgB2 are introduced. The 3rd edition has been thoroughly updated, with a new chapter on critical state model. The mechanism of irreversible properties is discussed in detail. The author provides calculations of pinning loss by the equation of motion of flux lines in the pinning potential and hysteresis loss. The readers will learn why the resultant loss is of hysteresis type in spite of such mechanism. This book aims for graduate students and researchers studying superconductivity as well as engineers working in electric utility industry.

Thermodynamics --- Thermal properties of solids --- Solid state physics --- Physics --- supergeleiding --- koude --- fysica --- Flux pinning.

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This book includes the synthesis, analysis and characterization of nanomaterials that are an important ingredient in nanotechnologies. Nanomaterials contain nanoparticles, smaller than 100 nanometers in at least one dimension. Nanomaterials are coming into use in health care, electronics, cosmetics and other areas. Their physical and chemical properties differ from those of bulk materials. This needs to cover health risks to workers and potential risks to environment. This is currently done on a case-by-case basis, but risk assessment methods need to be kept up to date as the use of nanomaterials expands, especially as they find their way into consumer products. This book covers the basics to advanced applications of nanomaterials and provides a useful resource for researchers and professionals in the field.

Optics. Quantum optics --- Thermal properties of solids --- Chemical structure --- Electrical engineering --- Biotechnology --- supergeleiding --- nanotechniek --- quantumchemie --- biotechnologie --- Nanostructured materials. --- Nanotechnology. --- Nanoparticles.

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Electronics and optics of solids --- Thermal properties of solids --- Magnetic properties of solids --- Materials. --- Solid state physics. --- Solids. --- Matériaux --- Matériaux --- Propriete electrique --- Propriete magnetique --- Propriete thermique