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The importance of bioactive natural compounds in pharmacology and other biotechnological fields has stimulated the scientific community to explore new environmental contexts and their associated microbial diversity. As the largest frontier in biological discovery, the sea represents a significant source of organisms producing novel secondary metabolites with interesting bioactivities. Of the available biological material, fungi have received increasing consideration, both due to their pervasive occurrence in varying habitats as well as their aptitude to develop symbiotic associations with higher organisms in numerous contexts. In many cases, fungal strains have been reported as the real producers of drugs originally extracted from marine plants and animals. Due to the constantly increasing number of marine-derived fungi yielding valuable bioactive products, it is now appropriate to present these findings to a recipient audience in a more organized form. This Special Issue of Marine Drugs, entitled “Bioactive Compounds from Marine-Derived Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces, and Trichoderma Species"" is specifically focused on a few genera of ascomycetous fungi which are widespread regarding marine contexts and are particularly inclined to establishing symbiotic relationships. For this project, we welcome submissions of full research papers, short notes, and review articles reporting the discovery and characterization of products showing antibiotic, antitumor, antiviral, insecticidal, antimalarial, antifouling, antioxidant, plant growth-promoting and/or resistance-inducing, as well as other less-exploited activities.

antibacterial activity --- n/a --- Talaromyces purpurogenus --- lapatinib --- antibacterial --- hydroxypyrrolidine --- bis-indolyl benzenoids --- penitrem A --- cytotoxicities --- sesquiterpenoid --- secondary metabolites --- drug discovery --- sponge-associated fungus --- candidusin --- Penicillium sp. TJ403-1 --- coumarin --- gefitinib --- bioactive products --- Aspergillaceae --- indole-diterpenoids --- mangroves --- diterpenoid --- Penicillium raistrickii --- ECD calculations --- Talaromyces --- marine-derived fungi --- BK (Maxi-K) channel --- polyketides --- EGFR --- chromone --- aspetritone --- Aspergillus --- breviane spiroditerpenoid --- endophytic fungi --- cytotoxic --- cytotoxicity --- breast cancer --- mangrove endophytic fungus --- IDH1 inhibitory activity --- NMR data calculations --- antifungal activity --- Aspergillus candidus --- diastereomers --- TNF-? --- sterone --- Aspergillus clavatus --- HER2 --- thermo-change strategy

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Biotransformation has accompanied mankind since the Neolithic community, when people settled down and began to engage in agriculture. Modern biocatalysis started in the mid-1850s with the pioneer works of Pasteur. Today, biotransformations have become an indispensable part of our lives, similar to other hi-tech products. Now, in 2019, biocatalysis “received” the Nobel Prize in Chemistry due to prof. Frances H. Arnold’s achievements in the area of the directed evolution of enzymes. This book deals with some major topics of biotransformation, such as the application of enzymatic methods in glycobiology, including the synthesis of hyaluronan, complex glycoconjugates of N-acetylmuramic acid, and the enzymatic deglycosylation of rutin. Enzymatic redox reactions were exemplified by the enzymatic synthesis of indigo from indole, oxidations of β-ketoesters and the engineering of a horse radish peroxidase. The enzymatic reactions were elegantly employed in biosensors, such as glucose oxidase, in the case of electrochemical glucose sensors. Nitrilases are important enzymes for nitrile metabolism in plants and microorganisms have already found broad application in industry—here, these enzymes were for the first time described in Basidiomyceta. This book nicely describes molecular biocatalysis as a pluripotent methodology—“A jack of all trades...”—which strongly contributes to the high quality and sustainability of our daily lives.

Technology: general issues --- E. coli --- recombinant horseradish peroxidase --- site-directed mutagenesis --- periplasm --- glycosylation sites --- Aspergillus niger --- quercetin --- rutin --- rutinose --- rutinosidase --- "solid-state biocatalysis" --- hyaluronic acid --- in vitro synthesis --- one-pot multi-enzyme --- optimization --- enzyme cascade --- Basidiomycota --- Agaricomycotina --- nitrilase --- cyanide hydratase --- nitrile --- substrate specificity --- overproduction --- homology modeling --- substrate docking --- phylogenetic distribution --- indigo --- MISO library --- flavin --- monooxygenase --- FMO --- β-N-acetylhexosaminidases --- transglycosylation --- Glide docking --- Talaromyces flavus --- muramic acid --- non-reducing carbohydrate --- glucose oxidase --- direct electron transfer --- amine-reactive phenazine ethosulfate --- glucose sensor --- glycemic level monitoring --- Pseudomonas putida MnB1 --- biogenic manganese oxides --- abiotic manganese oxides --- α-Hydroxy-β-keto esters --- whole-cell biocatalysis --- surface display --- cell wall anchor --- Lactobacillus plantarum --- whole-cell biocatalyst --- Fe(II)/2-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase --- 2-ketoglutarate generation --- regio- and stereo-selective synthesis --- hydroxy amino acids --- sequential cascade reaction --- E. coli --- recombinant horseradish peroxidase --- site-directed mutagenesis --- periplasm --- glycosylation sites --- Aspergillus niger --- quercetin --- rutin --- rutinose --- rutinosidase --- "solid-state biocatalysis" --- hyaluronic acid --- in vitro synthesis --- one-pot multi-enzyme --- optimization --- enzyme cascade --- Basidiomycota --- Agaricomycotina --- nitrilase --- cyanide hydratase --- nitrile --- substrate specificity --- overproduction --- homology modeling --- substrate docking --- phylogenetic distribution --- indigo --- MISO library --- flavin --- monooxygenase --- FMO --- β-N-acetylhexosaminidases --- transglycosylation --- Glide docking --- Talaromyces flavus --- muramic acid --- non-reducing carbohydrate --- glucose oxidase --- direct electron transfer --- amine-reactive phenazine ethosulfate --- glucose sensor --- glycemic level monitoring --- Pseudomonas putida MnB1 --- biogenic manganese oxides --- abiotic manganese oxides --- α-Hydroxy-β-keto esters --- whole-cell biocatalysis --- surface display --- cell wall anchor --- Lactobacillus plantarum --- whole-cell biocatalyst --- Fe(II)/2-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase --- 2-ketoglutarate generation --- regio- and stereo-selective synthesis --- hydroxy amino acids --- sequential cascade reaction

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Many research teams are working to demonstrate that microorganisms can be our daily partners, due to the great diversity of biochemical transformations and molecules they are able to produce. This Special Issue highlights several facets of the production of microbial metabolites of interest. From the discovery of new strains or new bioactive molecules issued from novel environments, to the increase in their synthesis by traditional or innovative methods, different levels of biotechnological processes are addressed. Combining the new dimensions of "Omics" sciences, such as genomics, transcriptomics or metabolomics, microbial biotechnologies are opening up incredible opportunities for discovering and improving microorganisms and their production.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Microbiology (non-medical) --- Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) --- polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) --- mutant strain --- Aurantiochytrium sp. --- transcriptome --- Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris --- 6-pentyl-α-pyrone --- antibiosis --- Trichoderma --- secondary metabolites --- antibiofilm --- Gram-negative bacterium --- antibiotic resistance --- natural products --- angucycline --- aquayamycin --- glycosyltransferase --- Lake Baikal --- Streptomyces --- Talaromyces albobiverticillius 30548 --- submerged fermentation --- pigments --- biomass --- optimization --- Box–Behnken experimental design --- response surface modeling --- carnosic acid --- propolis --- antifungal action --- synergy --- Candida albicans --- biofilms --- sponges --- actinomycetes --- cryptic --- Micromonospora --- Nocardia --- Gordonia --- mycolic acid --- LC-HRESIMS --- N-functionalized amines --- N-methylanthranilate --- Corynebacterium glutamicum --- metabolic engineering --- sustainable production of quinoline precursors --- acridone --- quinazoline alkaloid drugs --- SARS-CoV-2 --- Covid-19 --- Mpro --- microbial natural products --- docking --- molecular dynamic simulation --- Serratiochelin A --- Serratiochelin C --- Serratia sp. --- siderophore --- iron --- anticancer --- microbial biotechnology --- degradation --- antibacterial --- S. aureus --- sparkling wine --- second fermentation --- fermentation by-products --- Saccharomyces cerevisiae flor yeast --- proteins --- Scopalina hapalia --- Actinomycetes --- Bacillus --- Fungi --- elastase inhibition --- tyrosinase inhibition --- CDK7 inhibition --- Fyn kinase inhibition --- catalase activation --- sirtuin 1 activation --- Curvularia papendorfii --- endophytic fungi --- human coronavirus HCoV 229E --- Staphylococcus sp. --- MRSA --- antiproliferative activity --- polyhydroxyacid --- kheiric acid --- insect --- mealworm --- gut bacteria --- OSMAC --- cyclic peptides --- biosynthetic pathway --- autophagy inducer --- fermentation --- Lactococcus lactis --- bacteriocin --- culture conditions --- medium compositions --- lactic acid fermentation --- Pediococcus acidilactici PA204 --- simultaneous saccharification and fermentation --- corn stover --- pyocyanin --- maize industry wastewater --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa NEJ01R --- redox metabolite --- response surface analysis --- bioproduction --- valorization --- electrochemical analysis --- sugarcane --- distillery waste water --- molasses spent wash --- vinasse --- fungi --- yeasts --- bioremediation --- COD --- discoloration --- antimicrobial --- antioxidant --- GNPS --- textiles --- cation-exchange resin --- adsorption --- removal --- ammonium --- cell viability --- mutant gdhA P. multocida B:2 --- cyanobacteria --- photosynthesis --- synthetic biology --- systems biology --- genome-scale model --- protoplast fusion --- novel compound discovery --- cell wall-deficiency --- heteroploidy --- Talaromyces --- azaphilone --- marine fungi --- N-threonyl-rubropunctamin --- PP-R --- greener extraction --- red pigments --- fungal pigments --- antinematode compound --- anthelminthic drugs --- marine epiphytic bacteria --- marine biofilm --- marine environment --- parasitic nematode --- Caenorhabditis elegans --- natural colors --- bio-pigments --- quorum sensing --- marine bacteria --- biosynthesis --- biological activities --- industrial applications --- therapeutic insights --- global pigment market --- terpenoids --- sesquiterpene production --- Rhodobacter capsulatus --- β-caryophyllene --- bioactivity --- phytopathogens --- plant pathogenic fungi --- plant growth-promoting bacteria --- microorganisms --- biotechnology --- screening --- production --- extraction --- bioactive properties --- perspectives --- Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) --- polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) --- mutant strain --- Aurantiochytrium sp. --- transcriptome --- Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris --- 6-pentyl-α-pyrone --- antibiosis --- Trichoderma --- secondary metabolites --- antibiofilm --- Gram-negative bacterium --- antibiotic resistance --- natural products --- angucycline --- aquayamycin --- glycosyltransferase --- Lake Baikal --- Streptomyces --- Talaromyces albobiverticillius 30548 --- submerged fermentation --- pigments --- biomass --- optimization --- Box–Behnken experimental design --- response surface modeling --- carnosic acid --- propolis --- antifungal action --- synergy --- Candida albicans --- biofilms --- sponges --- actinomycetes --- cryptic --- Micromonospora --- Nocardia --- Gordonia --- mycolic acid --- LC-HRESIMS --- N-functionalized amines --- N-methylanthranilate --- Corynebacterium glutamicum --- metabolic engineering --- sustainable production of quinoline precursors --- acridone --- quinazoline alkaloid drugs --- SARS-CoV-2 --- Covid-19 --- Mpro --- microbial natural products --- docking --- molecular dynamic simulation --- Serratiochelin A --- Serratiochelin C --- Serratia sp. --- siderophore --- iron --- anticancer --- microbial biotechnology --- degradation --- antibacterial --- S. aureus --- sparkling wine --- second fermentation --- fermentation by-products --- Saccharomyces cerevisiae flor yeast --- proteins --- Scopalina hapalia --- Actinomycetes --- Bacillus --- Fungi --- elastase inhibition --- tyrosinase inhibition --- CDK7 inhibition --- Fyn kinase inhibition --- catalase activation --- sirtuin 1 activation --- Curvularia papendorfii --- endophytic fungi --- human coronavirus HCoV 229E --- Staphylococcus sp. --- MRSA --- antiproliferative activity --- polyhydroxyacid --- kheiric acid --- insect --- mealworm --- gut bacteria --- OSMAC --- cyclic peptides --- biosynthetic pathway --- autophagy inducer --- fermentation --- Lactococcus lactis --- bacteriocin --- culture conditions --- medium compositions --- lactic acid fermentation --- Pediococcus acidilactici PA204 --- simultaneous saccharification and fermentation --- corn stover --- pyocyanin --- maize industry wastewater --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa NEJ01R --- redox metabolite --- response surface analysis --- bioproduction --- valorization --- electrochemical analysis --- sugarcane --- distillery waste water --- molasses spent wash --- vinasse --- fungi --- yeasts --- bioremediation --- COD --- discoloration --- antimicrobial --- antioxidant --- GNPS --- textiles --- cation-exchange resin --- adsorption --- removal --- ammonium --- cell viability --- mutant gdhA P. multocida B:2 --- cyanobacteria --- photosynthesis --- synthetic biology --- systems biology --- genome-scale model --- protoplast fusion --- novel compound discovery --- cell wall-deficiency --- heteroploidy --- Talaromyces --- azaphilone --- marine fungi --- N-threonyl-rubropunctamin --- PP-R --- greener extraction --- red pigments --- fungal pigments --- antinematode compound --- anthelminthic drugs --- marine epiphytic bacteria --- marine biofilm --- marine environment --- parasitic nematode --- Caenorhabditis elegans --- natural colors --- bio-pigments --- quorum sensing --- marine bacteria --- biosynthesis --- biological activities --- industrial applications --- therapeutic insights --- global pigment market --- terpenoids --- sesquiterpene production --- Rhodobacter capsulatus --- β-caryophyllene --- bioactivity --- phytopathogens --- plant pathogenic fungi --- plant growth-promoting bacteria --- microorganisms --- biotechnology --- screening --- production --- extraction --- bioactive properties --- perspectives

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The purpose of this book was not to provide a comprehensive overview of the vast arena of how fungi and fungal metabolites are able to improve human and animal nutrition and health; rather, we, as Guest Editors, wished to encourage authors working in this field to publish their most recent work in this rapidly growing journal in order for the large readership to appreciate the full potential of wonderful and beneficial fungi. Thus, this Special Issue welcomed scientific contributions on applications of fungi and fungal metabolites, such as bioactive fatty acids, pigments, polysaccharides, alkaloids, terpenoids, etc., with great potential in human and animal nutrition and health.

Technology: general issues --- fungal pigment --- natural dye --- spalting --- Scytalidium cuboideum --- dramada --- sustainable clothing --- selenium --- biofortification --- transporters --- mycorrhizal fungi --- plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) --- fungal pigments --- textile dyeing --- toxicity testing --- biotechnological approaches --- challenges --- limits --- Saccharomyces boulardii --- Saccharomyces cerevisiae --- probiotics --- gastrointestinal tract --- Alginate --- β-glucan --- oligosaccharides --- elicitation --- Sargassum species --- Sparassis latifolia --- polyphenol --- antioxidant --- agave mezcalero bagasse --- apple bagasse --- solid-state fermentation --- secondary metabolites --- Pleurotus ostreatus --- Endophytic fungi --- Hyptis dilatata --- Pestalotiopsis mangiferae --- Pestalotiopsis microspora --- chemical elicitors --- antibacterial activity --- LC–ESI–Q–TOF–MS --- yeast --- biological control --- postharvest decay --- fruit --- mycorrhizae --- elevated CO2 --- Thymus vulgare --- growth --- photosynthesis --- metabolites --- biological activity --- Candida albicans --- non-albicans Candida species --- Candida auris --- aromatic alcohols --- fungi --- metabolomics --- NTCD --- additives --- functional foods --- nutraceuticals --- sustainability --- healthy aging --- Mortierella alpina --- animal fat by-product --- arachidonic acid --- ATR-FTIR spectroscopy --- Mucor circinelloides --- high-throughput screening --- metal ions --- phosphorus --- lipids --- biofuel --- FTIR spectroscopy --- bioremediation --- co-production --- natural colorants --- filamentous fungi --- stirred-tank bioreactor --- biodegradable films --- food package --- bioactive compounds --- FIP --- human health --- immunomodulation --- induced apoptosis --- lectin --- medicinal mushrooms --- polysaccharide --- terpenes and terpenoids --- melanin --- carotenoids --- polyketides --- azaphilones --- antitumor --- medical roles --- sphinganine-analog mycotoxins --- fumonisins --- AAL-toxin --- chemical structure --- toxicity --- genetics and evolution --- biosynthesis --- livestock --- ewes --- energy --- cytokines --- yeasts --- liquid swine diets --- MALDI-TOF --- biochemical identification --- growth temperature Ancom Gas Production System --- Candida krusei --- Candida lambica --- M. purpureus --- red yeast rice --- cholesterol reduction --- probiotic potential --- natural colorant --- extraction ability --- marine fungi --- Talaromyces albobiverticillius --- aqueous two-phases system extraction --- ionic liquids --- feed additive --- probiotic --- Sporidiobolus ruineniae --- tannase --- micro-fungi --- macro-fungi --- Ganoderma --- kombucha --- anticancer --- carotenoid --- medicinal mushroom --- mycobiome --- antimicrobial --- antifungal --- bioconversion --- cheese --- dairy --- Sclerotinia --- secondary metabolite --- endophytic fungi --- uncommon secondary metabolites --- fungal pigment --- natural dye --- spalting --- Scytalidium cuboideum --- dramada --- sustainable clothing --- selenium --- biofortification --- transporters --- mycorrhizal fungi --- plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) --- fungal pigments --- textile dyeing --- toxicity testing --- biotechnological approaches --- challenges --- limits --- Saccharomyces boulardii --- Saccharomyces cerevisiae --- probiotics --- gastrointestinal tract --- Alginate --- β-glucan --- oligosaccharides --- elicitation --- Sargassum species --- Sparassis latifolia --- polyphenol --- antioxidant --- agave mezcalero bagasse --- apple bagasse --- solid-state fermentation --- secondary metabolites --- Pleurotus ostreatus --- Endophytic fungi --- Hyptis dilatata --- Pestalotiopsis mangiferae --- Pestalotiopsis microspora --- chemical elicitors --- antibacterial activity --- LC–ESI–Q–TOF–MS --- yeast --- biological control --- postharvest decay --- fruit --- mycorrhizae --- elevated CO2 --- Thymus vulgare --- growth --- photosynthesis --- metabolites --- biological activity --- Candida albicans --- non-albicans Candida species --- Candida auris --- aromatic alcohols --- fungi --- metabolomics --- NTCD --- additives --- functional foods --- nutraceuticals --- sustainability --- healthy aging --- Mortierella alpina --- animal fat by-product --- arachidonic acid --- ATR-FTIR spectroscopy --- Mucor circinelloides --- high-throughput screening --- metal ions --- phosphorus --- lipids --- biofuel --- FTIR spectroscopy --- bioremediation --- co-production --- natural colorants --- filamentous fungi --- stirred-tank bioreactor --- biodegradable films --- food package --- bioactive compounds --- FIP --- human health --- immunomodulation --- induced apoptosis --- lectin --- medicinal mushrooms --- polysaccharide --- terpenes and terpenoids --- melanin --- carotenoids --- polyketides --- azaphilones --- antitumor --- medical roles --- sphinganine-analog mycotoxins --- fumonisins --- AAL-toxin --- chemical structure --- toxicity --- genetics and evolution --- biosynthesis --- livestock --- ewes --- energy --- cytokines --- yeasts --- liquid swine diets --- MALDI-TOF --- biochemical identification --- growth temperature Ancom Gas Production System --- Candida krusei --- Candida lambica --- M. purpureus --- red yeast rice --- cholesterol reduction --- probiotic potential --- natural colorant --- extraction ability --- marine fungi --- Talaromyces albobiverticillius --- aqueous two-phases system extraction --- ionic liquids --- feed additive --- probiotic --- Sporidiobolus ruineniae --- tannase --- micro-fungi --- macro-fungi --- Ganoderma --- kombucha --- anticancer --- carotenoid --- medicinal mushroom --- mycobiome --- antimicrobial --- antifungal --- bioconversion --- cheese --- dairy --- Sclerotinia --- secondary metabolite --- endophytic fungi --- uncommon secondary metabolites