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In Switzerland, "Lehrbetriebsverbünde" (apprenticeship company networks) represent a new model of vocational training. The author shows that the project-based organisation of this form of basic vocational training, in which learners change companies several times, constitutes new mechanisms of social inequality in the field of basic vocational training. This is due to the fact that training company networks place substantially higher demands on the self-organisation and flexibility of learners than traditional apprenticeships. A confident handling of these requirements requires specific prerequisites and resources that are unequally distributed in terms of social structure. Nevertheless, training company networks also offer the opportunity to reduce social inequality. The prerequisite for this is that training company networks do not presuppose the unevenly distributed key competences such as flexibility and self-organisation, which are fundamental to working life, as skills, but rather systematically impart them during training. In addition, framework conditions must be created which make it possible for learners from less privileged backgrounds to master the challenges of collaborative training.
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Der digitale Wandel in Berufsbildung und Arbeitswelt war das zentrale Thema der 21. Tagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gewerblich-Technische Wissenschaften und ihre Didaktiken (gtw) im Herbst 2021.Ausgangspunkt der Diskussionen waren Fragen nach Kontinuität und Innovation für die Weiterentwicklung der beruflichen Bildung, aus denen drei Themenschwerpunkte entstanden. Der erste Schwerpunkt enthält Beiträge zum strukturellen Wandel der Lehrerausbildung, die aufgrund der Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung angepasst werden muss.Die Evolution der gewerblich-technischen Arbeit und Berufsbildung steht im Fokus des zweiten Schwerpunktes: Unbesetzte Ausbildungsplätze, Nachhaltigkeit, Inklusion, Integration von Flüchtlingen bis hin zur Digitalisierung stellen das Berufsbildungssystem vor neue Probleme.Im dritten Schwerpunkt geht es um die Herausforderungen der beruflichen Didaktik, in der Lernortkooperationen ebenso diskutiert werden wie die Medien- und Methodenvielfalt.Berichte über Podiumsdiskussionen zu den Folgen der Pandemie für die Berufsbildung und zur Didaktik 4.0 schließen den Band und knüpfen damit an die Diskussionen der 20. gtw-Tagung an.
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Whilst there are many common features in doctoral training across the world, there is considerable variation in how training is delivered, funded and supported. Approaches vary depending on the nature of the degree, on policies set at the national, institution and funder level and according to the nature of the financial support available. How then can we look at the interplay between funding and policy? This chapter sets out some of the issues affecting the current research system. Using the case study of Wellcome's 2017 review of doctoral training, I explain how taking a systemic view can provide insight into the culture of the research system overall. I explain how the review enabled Wellcome to deliberatively design policy and practice with an explicit intent to support a more positive culture for PhD training. I reflect on how, using a social sciences approach, this experimental approach will help evolve our understanding of how such changes in policy and practice are experienced.
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Psychiatry --- Training autogène --- Autogenic training --- Training autogène.
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Annotation Ce rapport identifie des strategies effectives pour s'attaquer aux desequilibres de competences en France.
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