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"There is but little to say in placing this book before its readers. The author has started from the premises that there is an infinite God, who can by infinite means reveal Himself to His children, and that He has done so; that we are all His children, and that we have always been; that Greek and Roman, Jew and Gentile, are His children, and that He tells unto them all the wonderful story of the birth and growth of their souls, and to each child in his own sweet mother-tongue, and by symbols intelligible to him and conveying to him, either consciously or subconsciously, the same manner of instruction. A few of the symbols known to the race have been gathered together here, and an effort has been made to show their intrinsic coherence -- with what success the reader will judge. And if the author has failed to impress upon the reader the value of this symbol or of that, it will be a source of regret to him for his lack of ability to express what was in his mind; but if he has failed to impress upon the mind of his reader the fundamental thought of the unity of the race and of the Fatherhood of God, then will he have failed in the actual purpose of the book -- failed in showing that God talks to all His children and tells them all the same sweet story of His fatherhood to them, and of their childhood to Him -- unto each as he can comprehend, and unto each in the tender accents of his own native mother-tongue. May the little book be a help to those who are studying the Works and the Word of God, and may the Wonder Book indeed be a "Lamp unto their feet and a Light unto their path"--Foreword. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).

Symbolism.

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"Explores concepts of fantasy and libido in the individual unconscious. Human thought processes are discussed in terms of directed thinking and dream (fantasy). The conception, genetic theory, and transformation of the libido are examined. The unconscious origin of the hero is presented and the symbolism of the mother and of rebirth are also explored. These concepts are discussed through the presentation of the psychoanalytic writing of a Miss Frank Miller ("Quelque faits d'imagination cr?atrice subconsciente" Vol V., Archives de Psychologie, 1906)." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved).

Symbolism (Psychology)

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Islamic art and symbolism. --- Symbolism in art.

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Symbolism in literature. --- Pindar.

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Methodologies and problématiques in social sciences and humanities are closely linked with the dominant ideologies in which they are produced, which, in turn, are deeply embedded in a specific social and economic formation. Thus, it is not a coincidence if, throughout the twentieth century, Turkish politics and society have been frequently analyzed through the lens of modernization. Generations of thinkers, politicians, social scientists, and historians have asked questions related to a presupposed transition from traditional to modern society in Turkey. Some of them supposed that the transition took place in the early republican period, in the 1920s and 30s, in an abrupt way, while it was a smooth, lengthy process, spanning from the late 18th to the late 20th century. Those idealizing the modernization and exaltating the modernizers were confronted by critiques of modernity; while the former camp was a heterogenous mixture of various political and historiographic tendencies, the latter was also far from being homogenous, and included both traditionist and post-modernist critical voices towards modernity. While differences of opinion and methodology within and between the modernist and anti-modernist tendencies are striking, there are also common denominators uniting them in a single narrative. According to this narrative, modernity consists of a set of references allegedly developed in Western Europe: Women's emancipation, bureaucratization of state apparatus, development of literacy and creation of a new education system, secularization in political references, anticlerical politics, transition towards a representative democracy, and many other developments are considered within a single, unitary process of (Western) development. Whig historians, Hegelian philosophers, and positivist thinkers praised this supposedly combined development as the March of Intellect, and late-19th century vitalism, culminating in the works of Friedrich Nietzsche, condemned it as a unitary process of decadence of humanity. Both pro- and anti-modernist approaches to the 20th-century politics and society in Turkey are heir to these broader pro- and anti-modernist theories. Through this scope, the foundation of the Turkish Republic was praised or criticized as the culmination of a modernization process launched by a conscious, Westernizing elite. The modernization literature, despite its considerable contribution to the understanding of modern Turkish politics and society, suffers from striking shortcomings. As a teleological approach, it transforms specific historical events and tendencies into the moments of one single line of development towards modernization: Electoral reforms, administrative centralization, or the rise of the printing press are taken as the examples of a grand march towards modernity, or as the symptoms of a belated involvement in modernization. As an opinionated approach, the modernization literature takes for granted a series of debatable assertions: The bureaucratic circles of the late Ottoman and early republican Turkey are conceived of as independent social and political actors, and the republican state is placed in continuity with an allegedly all-powerful Ottoman state apparatus. The present volume, Faces of Republican Turkey, is an attempt at presenting an alternative reading of Turkey's twentieth-century politics. Rather than drawing on an elite-based study of Turkish politics, it examines the interplay between the variety of social actors, and their relationship with political power. Avoiding a homogenizing look towards society, it focuses on the analysis of gender and property relations within the society, and emphasizes the embeddedness of political thought and institutions in the social dynamics. The contributors use a wide range of critical methodologies, including, amongst others, historical materialism, social reproduction theory, social and political memory analysis, discourse analysis, and Frankfurt School critical theory. Each contribution is expected to focus on a topic related to Turkish politics and society. The authors present a critical account of the modernity and modernization-centered literature on the selected topic, and develop alternative approaches through the analysis of a specific case, using qualitative and historical research methodologies.

Symbolism in politics.