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Melatonin --- Pineal Body --- Metabolism. --- Physiological effect. --- Physiology. --- Therapeutic use. --- MELATONIN --- PINEAL BODY --- PHYSIOLOGY

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AGING --- NEOPLASMS --- PINEAL BODY --- BIOLOGICAL CLOCKS --- MELATONIN --- PHYSIOLOGY --- PREVENTION AND CONTROL --- PHYSIOLOGY --- PHYSIOLOGY --- PHYSIOLOGY --- AGING --- NEOPLASMS --- PINEAL BODY --- BIOLOGICAL CLOCKS --- MELATONIN --- PHYSIOLOGY --- PREVENTION AND CONTROL --- PHYSIOLOGY --- PHYSIOLOGY --- PHYSIOLOGY

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Neurosurgical lesions of the pineal region are extremely rare, accounting for roughly 1% of the total number of neurosurgical expansive lesions in modern practice. This book offers an up-to-date review of the relevant literature, combined with the personal perspectives of some highly experienced figures in the field. The book is divided into two main parts, the first of which offers an overview of the pineal region from an anatomic, pathologic, imaging and therapeutic perspective. Special attention is given to surgical approaches to pineal region lesions. Microsurgical techniques are presented, together with detailed indications regarding specific locations of these lesions, specific complications, and controversial aspects concerning some of the approaches. A dedicated chapter addresses endoscopic techniques, their indications and limitations. Adjuvant therapies are also discussed, along with their particular indications and debated aspects. In turn, the chapters in the second part cover specific lesions such as pineal region tumors, vascular lesions, and cystic and cyst-like lesions. Regarding pineal region tumors, the most frequent pathologies are presented in the most comprehensive and practical manner possible, with special attention to the appropriate therapeutic management for each type. Further, there is a dedicated chapter on pineal region cysts. Given its depth of content, the book will allow neurosurgeons and specialists to greatly expand their understanding of pineal region lesions in daily clinical practice.

Neurosurgery. --- Neurology . --- Radiology. --- Pediatrics. --- Neurology. --- Imaging / Radiology. --- Paediatrics --- Pediatric medicine --- Medicine --- Children --- Radiological physics --- Physics --- Radiation --- Nervous system --- Neuropsychiatry --- Nerves --- Neurosurgery --- Diseases --- Health and hygiene --- Surgery --- Pineal gland --- Tumors --- Surgery. --- Tumors. --- Pinealoma --- Epiphysis cerebri --- Pineal body --- Endocrine glands

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This work is a guidebook for clinicians who are involved in treating depressive patients and also serves the research scientists who are working on the psychopharmacological mechanisms of antidepressant actions and psychopathological mechanisms underlying mood disorders. Mood disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BPD) and seasonal affective disorder (SAD) are the most disabling disorders that are among the most expensive of all medical illnesses. The pathophysiology of mood disorders is very complex and involves many mechanisms like circadian rhythm disruption, sleep abnormalities, melatonin rhythm abnormalities and alterations in melatonin receptor mechanisms, abnormalities in monoaminergic neurotransmitter mechanisms, glutamatergic release mechanisms, hippocampal neurogenesis, and abnormal immune and cytokine release mechanisms. Many antidepressants that are in clinical use today including the recently introduced novel agents like agomelatine or other antidepressants cause clinical remission by resynchronizing disrupted circadian rhythms and melatonin receptor functions, enhancing monoaminergic neurotransmission, promoting hippocampal neurogenesis, and regulating immune mechanisms. This book explains various etiological factors that are involved in the pathogenesis of mood disorders and the mechanisms of therapeutic actions of antidepressants including the recently introduced agomelatine and other antidepressants that exhibit rapid onset of action with greater efficacy and fewer side effects. .

Medicine. --- Internal medicine. --- Neurology. --- Psychopharmacology. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Internal Medicine. --- Melatonin. --- Neuroprotective agents. --- Neuroprotectants --- Neuroprotective drugs --- Acetylmethoxytryptamine --- Methoxyindolylethylacetamide --- Drugs --- Hormones --- Pineal gland --- Tryptamine --- Secretions --- Medicine, Internal --- Medicine --- Behavioral pharmacology --- Chemotherapy --- Pharmacology --- Psychotropic drugs --- Nervous system --- Neuropsychiatry --- Psychotropic effects --- Diseases --- Neurology .

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Immunology. Immunopathology --- Pathological endocrinology --- Clinical chemistry --- Hormones --- Radioimmunoassay --- Radioimmunodosage --- analysis --- Analysis --- Analyse --- Radioimmunoassay. --- -Radioimmunoassay --- Immunoassay --- Immunodiagnosis --- Radioligand assay --- Catecholamines --- Endocrine glands --- Endocrinology --- Secretion --- Radioimmunoassays --- analysis. --- Digestive System. --- Hormones. --- Hormones - Analysis --- Hormones - analysis --- Digestive System --- Cyclic amp --- Cyclic gmp --- Growth --- Hypothalamus --- Methods --- Parathyroid hormones --- Pineal hormones --- Pituitary hormones --- Prostaglandins --- Renal hormones --- Sex --- Steroid hormones --- Thyroid hormones --- Vasoactive peptide hormones