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THERMODYNAMICS --- CALORIMETRY --- REACTION (CHEMISTRY) --- PHASE TRANSITION --- SOLUTIONS (CHEMISTRY) --- THERMODYNAMICS --- CALORIMETRY --- REACTION (CHEMISTRY) --- PHASE TRANSITION --- SOLUTIONS (CHEMISTRY)
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GLASS --- SURFACE --- TRANSPORT PROPERTIES --- PHASE TRANSITION --- MECHANICAL PROPERTIES --- GLASS --- SURFACE --- TRANSPORT PROPERTIES --- PHASE TRANSITION --- MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
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THERMODYNAMICS --- ELEMENTS --- PHASE TRANSITION --- GASES --- VAPOR PRESSURE --- TABLES --- THERMODYNAMICS --- ELEMENTS --- PHASE TRANSITION --- GASES --- VAPOR PRESSURE --- TABLES
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Cryogenics --- Phase transition --- Refrigeration --- Superconductors --- Temperature --- Cryogenics --- Phase transition --- Refrigeration --- Superconductors --- Temperature
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Chemisorption --- Crystal growth --- Crystal nucleation --- Interface --- Phase transition
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The investigation of the interfacial phase transitions in fluid systems with short-range intermetallic interactions are of great interest. The phenomena were studied in two systems exhibiting a liquid-liquid miscibility gap: at the fluid/wall interface in fluid KxKCl1-x and at the fluid/vacuum interface of the Ga1 xBix alloys. To characterize the interfacial changes of the ultra thin films (composition, thickness and their evolution with time) the spectroscopic ellipsometry was performed over a wide spectral range. Whereas in the experiments on KxKCl1-x an existing ellipsometer could be used, a completely new UHV-apparatus including the in-situ phase modulation ellipsometer had to be developed for Ga1 xBix alloys. For the KxKCl1-x system new results on complete wetting at solid-liquid coexistence as well as in the homogenous liquid phase (prewetting) are presented. The spectra show the typical F center absorption which indicates that the film is a salt-rich phase. The thickness strongly increases approaching the monotectic from 30 to 440 nm, which is in agreement with the tetra point wetting scenario. For this interpretation a quantitative description of the excess Gibbs energy has been developed. For the Ga1 xBix system the results on complete wetting, surface freezing and oscillatory interfacial instabilities are presented. The high-precision spectra have been recorded approaching the liquid-liquid miscibility. These spectra have been modeled using a Ga-Bi effective medium approximation for the substrate covered by a film of liquid Bi. The measurements give evidence of tetra point wetting in the Ga-Bi system. First ellipsometric study of the surface freezing in Ga-Bi has been performed. Within the miscibility gap a very interesting effect of surface and bulk oscillatory instability was observed. The details of this process at present are not well understood, but a qualitative description is given.
molten salt --- surface phase transition --- spectroscopic ellipsometry --- Ga-Bi alloys --- molten salt --- surface phase transition --- spectroscopic ellipsometry --- Ga-Bi alloys
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Phase transition --- Order --- Superfluids --- Thermodynamics --- Ferroelectricity --- Superconductors --- Magnetic properties --- Phase transition --- Order --- Superfluids --- Thermodynamics --- Ferroelectricity --- Superconductors --- Magnetic properties
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Magnetic materials --- Phase transformations (Statistical physics) --- Congresses. --- Magnetic transition --- Order-disorder transition --- Phase transition --- Transport properties
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This book presents experimental studies of nonequilibrium phase transitions induced by ac and dc forces in collectively interacting systems—a superconducting vortex system with random pinning. It first shows that a phase transition from reversible to irreversible flow occurs by increasing vortex density as well as amplitude of ac shear, which is indicative of the universality of the reversible-irreversible transition. Two distinct flow regimes are also found in the reversible phase. Next, the book presents new methods for dc driven experiments—transverse mode-locking and transverse current-voltage measurements—and provides convincing evidence of the second-order dynamical transition from disordered plastic to anisotropically ordered smectic flow. Lastly it reports on the first experimental demonstration of the Kibble-Zurek mechanism for the nonequilibrium phase transition. The experimental results indicate that both the reversible-irreversible transition and the dynamical ordering transition belong to the directed percolation universality class which is one of the fundamental classes of nonequilibrium phase transitions. Hence, the findings will be generalized to other nonequilibrium systems and stimulate research on nonequilibrium physics.
Low temperatures. --- Condensed matter. --- Superconductivity. --- Superconductors. --- Statistical Physics. --- Low Temperature Physics. --- Phase Transition and Critical Phenomena.
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