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The Rubáiyát by the Persian poet 'Umar Khayyaem (1048-1131) is used in contemporary Iran as a resistance literature, symbolizing the secularist voice in cultural debates. While Islamic fundamentalists criticize Khayyaem as an atheist and materialist philosopher who questions God's creation and the promise of reward or punishment in the hereafter, secularist intellectuals see in him an example of a scientist who scrutinizes the mysteries of the world. Others see a spiritual master, a Sufi, who guides people to the truth. This volume collects eighteen essays on the history of the reception of 'Umar Khayyaem in various literary traditions, exploring how his philosophy of doubt, carpe diem, hedonism, and in vino veritas has inspired generations of poets, novelists, painters, musicians, calligraphers and film-makers.

Ramaz ̄an ̄i, Muhsin. --- Quatrains, Persian --- Languages & Literatures --- Germanic Languages --- Indo-Iranian Languages & Literatures --- Quatrains, Persian. --- Omar Khayyam. --- Persian quatrains --- Omar Khayyam --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Influence. --- Persian poetry

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For all its fame in the wider world, Edward FitzGerald’s ‘Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám’ (1859) has been largely ignored by the academic establishment. This volume explores the reasons for both its popularity and neglect.

Omar Khayyam. --- FitzGerald, Edward, --- Purcell, Edward, --- פיטצגעראלד, אדווארד, --- פיצג׳ראלד, אדווארד --- فيتزجرالد، ادوارد --- E. F. G., --- G., E. F., --- F. G., E., --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Bada-e-Khayyam

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The legendary Renaissance math duel that ushered in the modern age of algebraThe Secret Formula tells the story of two Renaissance mathematicians whose jealousies, intrigues, and contentious debates led to the discovery of a formula for the solution of the cubic equation. Niccolò Tartaglia was a talented and ambitious teacher who possessed a secret formula—the key to unlocking a seemingly unsolvable, two-thousand-year-old mathematical problem. He wrote it down in the form of a poem to prevent other mathematicians from stealing it. Gerolamo Cardano was a physician, gifted scholar, and notorious gambler who would not hesitate to use flattery and even trickery to learn Tartaglia's secret.Set against the backdrop of sixteenth-century Italy, The Secret Formula provides new and compelling insights into the peculiarities of Renaissance mathematics while bringing a turbulent and culturally vibrant age to life. It was an era when mathematicians challenged each other in intellectual duels held outdoors before enthusiastic crowds. Success not only enhanced the winner's reputation, but could result in prize money and professional acclaim. After hearing of Tartaglia's spectacular victory in one such contest in Venice, Cardano invited him to Milan, determined to obtain his secret by whatever means necessary. Cardano's intrigues paid off. In 1545, he was the first to publish a general solution of the cubic equation. Tartaglia, eager to take his revenge by establishing his superiority as the most brilliant mathematician of the age, challenged Cardano to the ultimate mathematical duel.A lively and compelling account of genius, betrayal, and all-too-human failings, The Secret Formula reveals the epic rivalry behind one of the fundamental ideas of modern algebra.

Equations --- Algebra --- Mathematics --- History. --- Ars Magna. --- Arturo Sangalli. --- Blaise Pascal. --- Cardano-Tartaglia formula. --- Carl Friedrich Gauss. --- Euler's Pioneering Equation. --- Ian Stewart. --- Isaac Newton. --- Italian Renaissance. --- Joseph-Louis Lagrange. --- Leibniz. --- Lodovico Ferrari. --- Maria Gaetana Agnesi. --- Omar Khayyám. --- Pierre de Fermat. --- Rafael Bombelli. --- Renaissance men. --- Robin Wilson. --- Scipione del Ferro. --- Significant Figures. --- algebra. --- binomial coefficients. --- binomial theorem. --- coefficients. --- imaginary numbers. --- negative numbers. --- roots of the cubic function. --- Tartaglia, Niccolò, --- Cardano, Girolamo, --- Cardano, Girolamo --- Tartaglia, Niccolò --- 1500-1599 --- Tartaglia, Nicolaus --- Fontana, Niccolò --- Tartalea, Niccolò --- Tartaglia, Nicolas --- Tartalea, Nicolo --- Tartaglia, Nicolo --- Tartalea --- Mathematiker --- Rechenmeister --- Übersetzer --- Ingenieur --- Lehrer --- Prof. --- Brescia --- Venedig --- Verona --- 1500-1557 --- Cardano, Geronimo --- Cardano, Hieronimo --- Cardano, Hieronymus --- Cardano --- Cardani, Hieronymus --- Cardanus, Girolamo --- Cardanus, Hieronimus Castellioneus --- Cardanus, Hieronymus Castellioneus --- Cardanus, Hieronimus C. --- Cardanus, Hier. --- Cardanus --- Cardanus, H. --- Cardini, Hieronymus --- Giralmo --- Hieronymus --- Kardano, Dzhirolamo --- Cardano, Gerolamo --- Cardano, Giralmo --- Cardan, Jérôme --- Cardan, Hierosme --- Cardanus, Hieronymus C. --- Cardanus, Hieronymus --- Cardanus, Hierosme --- Castellioneus, Hieronymus --- Geronimo --- Girolamo --- Jérome --- Cardan, Girolamo --- Cardano, Hieronimus --- Jérôme --- Cardan --- Cardan, H. --- Naturwissenschaftler --- Astronom --- Philosoph --- Arzt --- Pavia --- Rom --- Padua --- Mailand --- Bologna --- Arnaldus --- Benvenutus Rambaldi --- Caesius, Georg --- Cardano, Giovanni Battista --- Cigalini, Francesco --- Dasypodius, Konrad --- Frölich, Huldrich --- Majoragio, Marcantonio --- Petrarca, Francesco --- Ursinus, Adam --- 24.09.1501-20.09.1576 --- 24.11.1501-01.09.1575 --- 1501-1576 --- 1501-1575 --- Fontana, Nicolò, --- Tartaglia, Nicholas, --- Tartaglia, Nicolas, --- Tartaglia, Nicolò, --- Tartaia, Nicolò, --- Tartalea, Nicolai, --- Cardan, H., --- Cardan, Jérôme, --- Cardano, Gerolamo, --- Cardano, Hieronimo, --- Cardanus, Hierome, --- Cardanus, Hieronymus, --- Cardanus, Hierosme, --- Kardano, Dzhirolamo, --- Cardan, Jerome --- Cardan, Jerome,