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Les échanges internationaux se sont considérablement développés ces dernières années, grâce en partie à la réduction progressive des droits de douane et des contingents tarifaires dans le cadre des cycles successifs de libéralisation multilatérale des échanges. Toutefois, ce développement met en avant une des faiblesses persistantes du commerce international: les obstacles à la frontière que produisent les procédures et formalités commerciales inefficaces, obsolètes et compliquées empêchent les pays de profiter pleinement des avantages de marchés mondiaux ouverts. Les six études rassemblées dans cette publication examinent dans quel mesure des procédures inefficaces à la frontière ont un impact sur les flux des échanges et des investissements, comment les facteurs institutionnels et politiques affectent la conception et la mise en œuvre de mesures visant à améliorer l’efficacité accompagnés de bénéfices escomptés de ces mesures pour justifier les dépenses nécessaires pour les mettre en place et si ces dépenses sont à la portée des pays en voie de développement et des pays les moins avancés, étant donné leurs autres priorités de développement.

Commercial policy --- International trade --- Politique commerciale --- Commerce international --- Finance --- Finances --- Finance. --- Foreign trade regulation. --- Non-tariff trade barriers. --- Non-tariff distortions of trade --- Nontariff trade barriers --- Protectionism --- Tariff --- Export and import controls --- Foreign trade control --- Foreign trade regulation --- Import and export controls --- International trade control --- International trade regulation --- Prohibited exports and imports --- Trade regulation --- Law and legislation

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Foreign trade regulation --- Nontariff trade barriers --- International trade --- Competition, Unfair --- Commerce extérieur --- Barrières commerciales non tarifaires --- Commerce international --- Concurrence déloyale --- Réglementation --- World Trade Organization --- European Union countries --- Pays de l'Union européenne --- Commercial policy --- Politique commerciale --- Restraint of trade --- Non-tariff trade barriers --- Law and legislation --- Commerce extérieur --- Barrières commerciales non tarifaires --- Concurrence déloyale --- Réglementation --- Pays de l'Union européenne --- Non-tariff distortions of trade --- Protectionism --- Tariff --- World Trade Organization. --- Competition, Unfair - European Union countries. --- Restraint of trade - European Union countries. --- Non-tariff trade barriers - Law and legislation - European Union countries.

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The studies in this volume review concerns that exporters and governments have raised about market access. This publication analyses where and why certain non-tariff measures are being applied to traded goods that are covered by multilateral rules and disciplines, and how they continue to represent challenges for exporters and policy makers. The specific measures examined are prohibitions and quotas, non-automatic import licensing schemes, customs fees and charges and export restrictions. By drawing together available recent data and other information, this volume expands the knowledge base of policy makers, negotiators and anyone interested in learning about the use of these measures across countries, applicable international trade rules and remaining market access issues.

Non-tariff trade barriers -- OECD countries. --- Non-tariff trade barriers. --- Tariff -- OECD countries. --- Tariff. --- Foreign trade regulation. --- International trade. --- External trade --- Foreign commerce --- Foreign trade --- Global commerce --- Global trade --- Trade, International --- World trade --- Export and import controls --- Foreign trade control --- Foreign trade regulation --- Import and export controls --- International trade --- International trade control --- International trade regulation --- Prohibited exports and imports --- Non-tariff distortions of trade --- Nontariff trade barriers --- Law and legislation --- Commerce --- International economic relations --- Non-traded goods --- Trade regulation --- Protectionism --- Tariff --- Social Sciences and Humanities. Development Studies -- Rural Development --- ALLW.

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International economic relations --- Foreign trade policy --- World Trade Organization --- United States --- Europe --- Liberalism --- Liberalisme --- Libéralisme --- Realism --- Realisme --- Realisme (Filosofie) --- Réalisme --- Réalisme (Philosophie) --- Tokyo Round ( 1973-1979) --- AA / International- internationaal --- 334.10 --- 337.3 --- 382.35 --- 334.153.1 --- 382.32 --- 382.33 --- 334.81 --- Algemene economie : algemeenheden. --- Contingenteringen. Vergunningen. Embargo's. --- Contingenteringen. Vergunningen. Embargo. Vrijwillige uitvoerbeperkingen. Economische sancties. --- Handel, douanetarief en handelsakkoorden in de Europese Gemeenschappen. --- Protectionisme. --- Vrijhandel. --- Wereldhandelsorganisatie (WHO). Algemene overeenkomst voor handel en tarieven (GATT). --- Liberalism. --- Non-tariff trade barriers --- Realism. --- Empiricism --- Philosophy --- Universals (Philosophy) --- Conceptualism --- Dualism --- Idealism --- Materialism --- Nominalism --- Positivism --- Rationalism --- Non-tariff distortions of trade --- Nontariff trade barriers --- Protectionism --- Tariff --- Liberal egalitarianism --- Liberty --- Political science --- Social sciences --- Algemene economie : algemeenheden --- Handel, douanetarief en handelsakkoorden in de Europese Gemeenschappen --- Wereldhandelsorganisatie (WHO). Algemene overeenkomst voor handel en tarieven (GATT) --- Contingenteringen. Vergunningen. Embargo's --- Protectionisme --- Vrijhandel --- Contingenteringen. Vergunningen. Embargo. Vrijwillige uitvoerbeperkingen. Economische sancties --- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization) --- Accord général sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce (Organization) --- Acordo Geral de Tarifas e Comércio (Organization) --- Contracting Parties to GATT --- Contracting Parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade --- G.A.T.T. --- GĀT (Organization) --- GATT --- Generalʹnoe soglashenie po tarifam i torgovle (Organization) --- Genikē Symphōnia Dasmōn kai Emporiou --- GHĀT --- GHĀTT --- JĀT (Organization) --- JĀTT --- Kuan mao tsung hsieh ting (Organization) --- Kuan shui ho mao i tsung hsieh ting (Organization) --- Kuan shui yü mao i tsung hsieh ting (Organization) --- Kwase Muyŏk Ilban Hyŏpchŏng --- Muvāfaqatnāmah-i ʻUmūmī-i Taʻrifah va Tijārat --- Partes Contratantes del Acuerdo General sobre Aranceles Aduaneros y Comercio --- Parti contraenti dell'Accordo generale sulle tariffe doganali e sul commercio --- Parties contractantes à l'accord général sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce --- Vertragsparteien des Allgemeinen Zoll- und Handelsabkommens --- جات --- United Nations. --- Tokyo Round --- Nixon Round --- Tokyo Round, --- Tokyo Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations --- Tonggyŏng Raundŭ --- European Economic Community countries --- U.S.A. --- Jungtinės Amerikos valstybės --- Soedinennye Shtaty Si︠e︡vernoĭ Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Severnoĭ Ameriki --- Si︠e︡vero-Amerikanskīe Soedinennye Shtaty --- Severo-Amerikanskie Soedinennye Shtaty --- Zlucheni Derz︠h︡avy --- USA --- US --- Arhab --- Ar. ha-B. --- Artsot ha-Berit --- ولايات المتحدة الامريكية --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amirīkīyah --- ABSh --- Amerika Birlăshmish Shtatlary --- ABŞ --- Amerika Birlăşmi Ştatları --- Forente stater --- Spojené staty americké --- Severo-Amerikanskie Shtaty --- Sjedinjene Američke Države --- Zʹi︠e︡dnani Derz︠h︡avy Ameryky --- Amerikai Egyesült Államok --- Yhdysvallat --- Verenigde Staten --- Egyesült Államok --- Hiwsisayin Amerikayi Miatsʻeal Tērutʻiwnkʻ --- Estados Unidos de América --- United States of America --- Fareyniḳṭe Shṭaṭn --- Artzois Ha'bris --- Estados Unidos da América do Norte --- SShA --- Soedinennye Shtaty Ameriki --- VSA --- États-Unis d'Amérique --- Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika --- Stati Uniti d'America --- Estados Unidos --- EE.UU. --- Stany Zjednoczone --- ĒPA --- Amerika Qūrama Shtattary --- Amerika Qŭshma Shtatlari --- SAD --- Saharat ʻAmērikā --- Hēnomenai Politeiai Amerikēs --- ZSA --- Mei-kuo --- Meiguo --- Mei guo --- ZDA --- Združene države Amerike --- U.S. --- America (Republic) --- Amirika Carékat --- Verenigde State van Amerika --- VS --- ولايات المتحدة --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah --- ولايات المتّحدة الأمريكيّة --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amrīkīyah --- Estatos Unitos --- Estatos Unitos d'America --- Ètats-Unis d'Amèrica --- Estaos Xuníos d'América --- Estaos Xuníos --- Tetã peteĩ reko Amérikagua --- Istadus Unidus --- Amerika Birlăşmiş Ştatları --- Amerika ka Kelenyalen Jamanaw --- Bí-kok --- Amerika Qushma Shtattary --- AQSh --- Злучаныя Штаты Амерыкі --- Zluchanyi︠a︡ Shtaty Ameryki --- Yunaeted Stet blong Amerika --- Yunaeted Stet --- Vaeinigte Staatn --- Vaeinigte Staatn vo Amerika --- Stadoù-Unanet Amerika --- Sŭedineni amerikanski shtati --- САЩ --- SASht --- Съединените щати --- Sŭedinenite shtati --- Америка (Republic) --- Amerika (Republic) --- Estats Units d'Amèrica --- Америкӑри Пӗрлешӳллӗ Штатсем --- Amerikări Pĕrleshu̇llĕ Shtatsem --- Stati Uniti --- SUA (Stati Uniti d'America) --- Unol Daleithiau America --- Unol Daleithiau --- Amerikas Forenede Stater --- Vereinigte Staaten --- Wááshindoon Bikéyah Ałhidadiidzooígíí --- Zjadnośone staty Ameriki --- Ameerika Ühendriigid --- Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες της Αμερικής --- Hēnōmenes Politeies tēs Amerikēs --- Η.Π.Α. --- Ē.P.A. --- Usono --- Unuiĝintaj Ŝtatoj de Ameriko --- Американь Вейтьсэндявкс Штаттнэ --- Amerikanʹ Veĭtʹsėndi︠a︡vks Shtattnė --- Ameriketako Estatu Batuak --- Feriene Steaten --- Feriene Steaten fan Amearika --- FS --- Stâts Unîts di Americhe --- Stâts Unîts --- Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá --- Steatyn Unnaneysit America --- Steatyn Unnaneysit --- S.U.A. --- Na Stàitean Aonaichte --- NSA --- Mî-koet --- 미국 --- Miguk --- Amerikayi Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Common market countries --- European common market countries --- Foreign economic relations --- European Union countries --- Congresses --- United States - Foreign economic relations - European Economic Community countries. --- European Economic Community countries - Foreign economic relations - United States. --- Nontariff trade barriers - United States. --- Nontariff trade barriers - European Economic Community countries. --- Tokyo Round (1973-1979) --- Spojené obce severoamerické --- Американь Вейтьсэндявкс Штаттнэ --- États-Unis --- É.-U. --- ÉU