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This book summarizes the gathering of information on and the growing understanding of M33 from the 1920s, when Hubble first determined its true nature, to the 21st century, when the Hubble Telescope probed deeply into its many secrets. With its regular symmetrical spiral structure, and its being not tilted too much and near enough to allow detailed studies of its stars, M33 is well-suited for the study of a typical spiral galaxy. In this work, Paul Hodge places current research on M33 (and similar galaxies) in both historical and global perspectives. The book is written in a language accessible for specialists and non-specialists, for professional and amateur astronomers, for scientists and the curious public and, most importantly, for students.  .

Spiral galaxies --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Astronomy - General --- Astrophysics --- Spiral galaxies. --- Triangulum Galaxy. --- M 33 (Galaxy) --- M33 (Galaxy) --- NGC 598 (Galaxy) --- NGC598 Galaxy) --- Triangulum Nebula --- Astronomy. --- Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology. --- Local Group (Astronomy) --- Galaxies --- Astrophysics. --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Hubble Space Telescope (Spacecraft) --- Space Telescope (Spacecraft) --- Large Space Telescope (Spacecraft) --- HST

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This volume celebrates the 30th anniversary of the first very-high energy (VHE) gamma-ray Source detection: the Crab Nebula, observed by the pioneering ground-based Cherenkov telescope Whipple, at teraelectronvolts (TeV) energies, in 1989. As we entered a new era in TeV astronomy, with the imminent start of operations of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) and new facilities such as LHAASO and the proposed Southern Wide-Field Gamma-ray Observatory (SWGO), we conceived of this volume as a broad reflection on how far we have evolved in the astrophysics topics that dominated the field of TeV astronomy for much of recent history.In the past two decades, H.E.S.S., MAGIC and VERITAS pushed the field of TeV astronomy, consolidating the field of TeV astrophysics, from few to hundreds of TeV emitters. Today, this is a mature field, covering almost every topic of modern astrophysics. TeV astrophysics is also at the center of the multi-messenger astrophysics revolution, as the extreme photon energies involved provide an effective probe in cosmic-ray acceleration, propagation and interaction, in dark matter and exotic physics searches. The improvement that CTA will carry forward and the fact that CTA will operate as the first open observatory in the field, mean that gamma-ray astronomy is about to enter a new precision and productive era.This book aims to serve as an introduction to the field and its state of the art, presenting a series of authoritative reviews on a broad range of topics in which TeV astronomy provided essential contributions, and where some of the most relevant questions for future research lie.

Research & information: general --- Mathematics & science --- gamma ray astronomy --- imaging atmospheric Cherenkov technique --- TeV gamma-rays --- non-thermal radiation --- keV-TeV cosmic sources --- INTEGRAL legacy data base --- relativistic astrophysics --- gamma rays --- cosmic rays --- interstellar medium --- Milky Way --- galaxies --- radiation mechanisms: non-thermal --- high energy astrophysics --- background radiation --- photon–photon interaction --- pair production --- axion-like particles --- gamma-rays --- IACTs --- intergalactic magnetic fields --- high-energy gamma rays --- electromagnetic cascades --- pevatrons --- Galactic cosmic rays --- PeVatron --- Crab Nebula --- angular resolution --- energy spectral distribution --- γ-ray astronomy --- very-high-energy gamma-ray astrophysics --- astroparticle physics --- imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes --- Quantum Gravity --- Lorentz invariance violation --- time of flight --- modified photon interactions --- very-high-energy gamma-ray astronomy --- open science --- data format --- multi-messenger --- real-time --- high-energy --- alerts --- very-high-energy γ-ray astronomy --- atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes --- source catalogues --- gamma-ray astronomy --- Cherenkov telescopes --- ISM: supernova remnants --- ISM: individual objects—Crab Nebula --- pulsars: general --- radiation mechanisms: nonthermal --- gamma rays: general --- acceleration of particles --- astrophysical plasmas --- MHD --- high-energy gamma-ray astrophysics --- Gamma-ray bursts --- non-thermal emission --- radiative processes --- very-high energy Gamma-rays --- statistical analysis --- likelihood --- bayes --- imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope --- IACT --- IACT technology --- very high energy gamma-ray telescope --- ground-based gamma-ray astrophysics --- n/a --- photon-photon interaction --- ISM: individual objects-Crab Nebula

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A pocket-style edition distilled from the New York Times bestsellerAwaiting you in this breezy book is a whirlwind tour through the cosmos-a journey of exploration to other planets, stars, and galaxies, and from black holes to time loops. With acclaimed astrophysicists Neil deGrasse Tyson, Michael A. Strauss, and J. Richard Gott at your side, here you will find a brief and yet breathtaking introduction to the universe, which will help you in your quest to understand how the cosmos actually works.A Brief Welcome to the Universe propels you from our home solar system to the outermost frontiers of space, building your cosmic insight and perspective through a marvelously entertaining narrative. How do stars live and die? What are the prospects of intelligent life elsewhere in the universe? How did the universe begin? Why is it expanding and accelerating in the process? Is our universe alone or part of an infinite multiverse? Exploring these and many other questions, this pocket-friendly book is your passport into the wonders of our evolving cosmos.

Astrophysics --- Cosmology --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Accelerating expansion of the universe. --- Accretion (astrophysics). --- Alpha particle. --- Andromeda Galaxy. --- Angular diameter. --- Astrobiology. --- Astrophysics. --- Atomic nucleus. --- Barred spiral galaxy. --- Big Bang. --- Calculation. --- Chemical element. --- Chronology of the universe. --- Circumference. --- Copernican principle. --- Cosmic Background Explorer. --- Cosmic microwave background. --- Cosmic string. --- Cosmogony. --- Dark energy. --- De Sitter space. --- Deuterium. --- Dimension. --- Earth. --- Einstein field equations. --- Elementary particle. --- Elliptic orbit. --- Energy density. --- Event horizon. --- Exoplanet. --- Extraterrestrial life. --- Galactic Center. --- Galactic year. --- Galaxy cluster. --- Googol. --- Gravitational wave. --- Gravity. --- Hawking radiation. --- Hubble Space Telescope. --- Hubble's law. --- Inflation (cosmology). --- Interstellar medium. --- Irregular galaxy. --- Jim Peebles. --- Jupiter. --- Kepler (spacecraft). --- Kuiper belt. --- Light-year. --- Longevity. --- Luminosity. --- Main sequence. --- Measurement. --- Metric expansion of space. --- Milky Way. --- Molecule. --- Neutron star. --- Neutron. --- Newton's law of universal gravitation. --- Nitrogen. --- Nuclear fusion. --- Nuclear reaction. --- Observable universe. --- Orion Nebula. --- Photon. --- Physicist. --- Planck (spacecraft). --- Planetary habitability. --- Planetary nebula. --- Positron. --- Prediction. --- Pressure. --- Quantity. --- Quantum tunnelling. --- Quasar. --- Real Humans. --- Red giant. --- Result. --- Satellite galaxy. --- Saturn. --- Shape of the universe. --- Solar System. --- Solar mass. --- Spacecraft. --- Spiral galaxy. --- Star. --- Supernova. --- Temperature. --- The Astrophysical Journal. --- The Pluto Files. --- Thermal radiation. --- Universe Today. --- Universe. --- Uranus. --- Vacuum energy. --- Vacuum state. --- Wavelength. --- Weakly interacting massive particles. --- Welcome to the Universe. --- White dwarf. --- Year. --- SCIENCE / Physics / Astrophysics --- SCIENCE / Physics / General

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This book contains the best and most up-to-date contributions in the field of late stage stellar evolution, as presented at the APNVII conference in Hong Kong in December 2017. A total of 60 scientists from 20 countries gathered to present, listen, interact and discuss the most current issues and problems in planetary nebulae and related objects research. The emphasis of this influential series of meetings, which was the seventh occasion over the last 20 years, has always been on the hypothesized and observed physical shaping mechanisms of the ejected nebulae that have such wonderful and intriguing forms. This special Galaxies conference issue of fully refereed contributions brings together a representative compilation of the meeting presentations in paper form. It captures the current “snap shot” status of this research field in some real sense. Such proceedings are well received and can be used as a reference material by both participants and all others working in the field for years to come.

UIE bands --- stars: binaries --- X-rays --- binary stars --- planetary systems --- abundances --- post-AGB --- normal modes --- theory and observation --- binaries: spectroscopic --- stellar evolution --- binaries: close --- AGB stars --- stars: individual: WD 1751+106 --- displacement vectors --- AGB and post-AGB --- extinction --- circumstellar matter --- stars: individual: WD 2134+25 --- asymptotic giant branch stars --- winds and outflows --- ISM: abundances --- stars: AGB and post-AGB --- late stage stellar evolution --- central stars of planetary nebulae --- ultraviolet radiation --- supernovae --- stellar mass loss --- circumstellar dust --- integral field spectroscopy --- planetary nebulae --- radial velocity --- mass-loss --- pre-PN hydrodynamic models --- infra-red --- planetary nebulae: Common Envelope --- astrochemistry --- dust --- multi-wavelength photometry --- ISM: jets and outflows --- planetary nebulae: individual (OH231+8+04.2) --- radio continuum --- stars: abundances --- shock wave --- stars: individual: WD 0044–121 --- post-AGB stars --- proto-planetary nebulae --- binarity: transients: planetary nebulae --- stars: atmospheres --- stars: variables: general --- AGB and post-AGB stars --- jets --- (sub)millimeter interferometry --- discs --- binarity --- winds --- observations --- mass loss --- X-ray --- stars: winds --- aperture masking --- outflows --- fullerenes --- planetary nebula --- pulsation --- interstellar medium --- planetary nebulae: individual (NGC 6781) --- late-stage stellar evolution --- infrared interferometry --- accretion disks

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A brief guide to the real science of interstellar travelWith known exoplanets now numbering in the thousands and initiatives like 100 Year Starship and Breakthrough Starshot advancing the idea of interstellar travel, the age-old dream of venturing forth into the cosmos and perhaps even colonizing distant worlds may one day become a reality. A Traveler’s Guide to the Stars reveals how.Les Johnson takes you on a thrilling tour of the physics and technologies that may enable us to reach the stars. He discusses the latest exoplanet discoveries, promising interstellar missions on the not-so-distant horizon, and exciting new developments in space propulsion, power, robotics, communications, and more. But interstellar travel will not be easy, and it is not for the faint of heart. Johnson describes the harsh and forbidding expanse of space that awaits us, and addresses the daunting challenges—both human and technological—that we will need to overcome in order to realize tomorrow’s possibilities.A Traveler’s Guide to the Stars is your passport to the next great frontier of human discovery, providing a rare inside look at the remarkable breakthroughs in science and technology that will help tomorrow’s space travelers chart a course for the stars.

Interstellar travel. --- Space vehicles --- 100 Year Starship. --- Aerospace engineering. --- Alpha Centauri. --- Andromeda Galaxy. --- Antimatter. --- Asteroid belt. --- Astrobiology. --- Astronaut. --- Astronomer. --- Astronomical object. --- Astronomical unit. --- Astronomy. --- Be star. --- Celestial navigation. --- Colonization of Mars. --- Comet tail. --- Dwarf planet. --- Ecliptic. --- Einstein Cross. --- Electrically powered spacecraft propulsion. --- Elongation (astronomy). --- Eris (dwarf planet). --- Exoplanet. --- Exploration of Mars. --- Extraterrestrial intelligence. --- GPS navigation device. --- Galactic Center. --- Gamma ray. --- Gravitational lens. --- Gravity of Earth. --- Gravity well. --- Hubble Space Telescope. --- Intercontinental ballistic missile. --- Interplanetary mission. --- Interstellar medium. --- Interstellar probe. --- Journey to Jupiter. --- Launch vehicle. --- Local Interstellar Cloud. --- Low Earth orbit. --- Luke Skywalker. --- Luna 1. --- Mars 2. --- Mars and Beyond. --- Mars landing. --- Meteoroid. --- Milky Way. --- Nebula. --- Newton's law of universal gravitation. --- Nuclear fission. --- Nuclear fusion. --- Orbit. --- Orbital mechanics. --- Orbital plane (astronomy). --- Orbital spaceflight. --- Outer planets. --- Photon rocket. --- Photon. --- Pioneer 10. --- Planet. --- Planetary flyby. --- Project Gemini. --- Propellant. --- Propulsion. --- Proxima Centauri. --- Radio telescope. --- Rocket launch. --- Rocket propellant. --- Saturn. --- Science fiction. --- Semi-major and semi-minor axes. --- Solar System. --- Solar eclipse. --- Solid-fuel rocket. --- Space Age. --- Space Launch System. --- Space Odyssey. --- Space Shuttle external tank. --- Space environment. --- Space exploration. --- Space telescope. --- Space vehicle. --- SpaceX. --- Spacecraft propulsion. --- Spacecraft. --- Spaceflight. --- Star Drive. --- Star cluster. --- Star system. --- Technology. --- To the Moon. --- Trantor. --- Tritium. --- Tsiolkovsky rocket equation. --- Uranus. --- V-2 rocket. --- Voyager 1. --- Voyager 2. --- Voyager program. --- Propulsion systems.