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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases --- analysis. --- physiology.

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In recent years, heavy metals have been widely used in agricultural, chemical, domestic, and technological applications, causing environmental and soil contaminations. Heavy metals enter the plant system through soil or via the atmosphere, and can accumulate, affecting physiological processes, plant growth, yield, and human health if heavy metals are stored in edible tissues. Understanding the regulation mechanisms of plant heavy metals accumulation and partitioning is important to improve the safety of the food chain. In this Special Issue book, a total of 19 articles were included; four reviews covering phytoremediation, manganese phytotoxicity in plants, the effect of cadmium on plant development, the genetic characteristics of Cd accumulation, and the research status of genes and QTLs in rice, respectively, as well as fifteen original research articles, mainly regarding the impact of cadmium on plants. Cadmium was therefore the predominant topic of this Special Issue, increasing the attention of the research community on the negative impacts determined by cadmium or cadmium associated with other heavy metals. The articles have highlighted a great genetic variability, suggesting different possibilities for accumulation, translocation and the reduction or control of heavy metal toxicity in plants.

Technology: general issues --- cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) --- transcriptome --- Cd stress --- GhHMAD5 --- overexpression --- VIGS (virus induced gene silence) --- cadmium --- glycinebetaine --- photosynthesis --- ultrastructure --- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) --- Cadmium --- hyperaccumulator --- Viola baoshanensis --- detoxification --- Cd --- PtoABCG36 --- tolerance --- poplar --- accumulation --- efflux --- phytoremediation --- heavy metals --- hyperaccumulation --- plant genotype improvement --- soil management --- cadmium accumulation --- absorption and transport --- QTL location --- mapping population --- rice (Oryza sativa L.) --- selenium --- cadmium stress --- auxin --- root architecture --- phosphate transporter --- Nicotiana tabacum --- oxidative stress --- cell cycle --- cell wall --- germination --- reproduction --- plant growth and development --- antioxidative system --- Brassicaceae family --- mitogen-activated protein kinases --- Ulva compressa --- antioxidant --- metal chelator --- in vivo chlorophyll a florescence --- physiology --- mitogen activated protein kinases --- metal accumulation --- DNA methylation --- ABCC transporters --- HMA2 --- wheat --- metal stress tolerance --- manganese toxicity --- Mn detoxification --- tolerance mechanism --- gene function --- subcellular compartment --- lead --- nicotianamine --- mugineic acid --- heavy metal --- toxic metal --- durum wheat --- Arabidopsis --- small heat shock protein --- OsMSR3 --- copper stress --- reactive oxygen species --- copper and zinc --- expression in bacteria --- metallothioneins --- marine alga --- Brassica campestris L. --- glutathione synthetase --- glutathione S-transferase --- alternative splicing --- Italian ryegrass root --- LmAUX1 --- hormesis --- growth --- chlorophyll a fluorescence --- n/a

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Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) are a large family of enzymes that function as signal transducers to regulate a diverse range of physiological responses. However, signaling via extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun amino terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPK also underpin many disease processes. This Special Issue provides new insights into how MAPK signaling contributes to specific pathological processes across a range of conditions, including disorders of lung development, type 2 diabetes, proliferative skin diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological diseases.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Rabdosia inflexa --- inflammation --- gastric ulcer --- cytokines --- MAPK --- NF-κB --- extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 --- hyperoxia --- bronchopulmonary dysplasia --- HPAECs --- angiogenesis --- cell cycle --- SIRT1 --- oxidative stress --- psoriasis --- antimicrobial peptide --- cecropin A --- tight junction protein --- MEK/ERK signaling --- porcine intestinal epithelial cell --- extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) --- Kv4.2 --- PC12 cells --- infantile myofibromatosis --- receptor tyrosine kinases --- platelet-derived growth factor receptor --- protein kinase inhibitors --- sunitinib --- erlotinib --- FR180204 --- U0126 --- targeted therapy --- apoptosis --- ERK1/2 --- JNKs --- mitochondrial dysfunction --- neurodegeneration --- neuro-inflammation --- p38 MAPKs --- Parkinson’s disease --- mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) --- MAPK kinetics --- osteoclast differentiation --- bone remodeling --- DAPK --- ERK --- p38 --- JNK --- mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway (MAPK pathway) --- protein tyrosine phosphatase interacting protein 51 (PTPIP51) --- protein-protein interaction (PPI) --- cancer signaling --- SR --- CR --- Compatibility --- T2DM --- metabolic profiling --- MAPK/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway --- reactive oxygen species --- PTPN6 --- SRC --- DOK4 --- MKK4 --- MKK7 --- p53 --- DUSP1 --- SIRT2 --- atherosclerosis --- aortic valve sclerosis --- aortic valve stenosis --- naphthalimide-metal complex conjugates --- N-heterocyclic carbene --- mitochondria --- ROS --- p38 MAPK --- cancer --- FGF-induced signaling --- FRS2 --- phosphorylation --- downregulation --- n/a --- Parkinson's disease