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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a fatal, progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor neuron cell death in the brain and spinal cord. The typical disease symptom is the rapid loss of muscle control, which eventually leads to the complete paralysis of voluntary muscles of the entire body. There is no curative treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The rarity of the disease and the difficulties in accurate early diagnosis are the major challenges in the proper understanding of the disease and the development of curative therapy. This book brings together a team of experts, both clinicians and basic scientists, to provide a comprehensive understanding of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, challenges, and approaches to combat this devastating disease. The clinical chapters provide excellent views of diagnosis, pathology, management, and the problem of diagnostic delay. The basic science chapters provide a comprehensive description of pathomechanisms and therapies with emphasis on dysfunctional astrocytes, impaired synaptic transmission, defective axonal transport, biomarkers, cell-based therapies, and gut microbiota. The book is primarily aimed at clinicians and basic scientists; however, it will likely be of interest to a wide audience interested in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. --- MJN

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Cerebral ischemia is one of the most common causes of dementia, which develops in more than half of patients after an ischemic episode. The main mechanism is thought to be pathological changes in the hippocampus, especially in the CA1 area, underlying episodic memory impairment, which is the earliest and most important clinical symptom of post-ischemic dementia. The 13 chapters of this book present a new picture of ischemic brain disease, synthesizing the latest data on disease mechanisms, care for patients with this disease, and potential therapeutic targets. The authors present the characteristics of cerebral ischemia from pregnancy and childhood through adolescence to adulthood. The first two chapters provide a snapshot of the anatomy of the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus, the most affected brain structures after cerebral ischemia. This is followed by nine chapters that present a comprehensive view of the pathological mechanisms of cerebral ischemia, and how a deep understanding of these pathomechanisms hold the key for the discovery and development of novel therapies to help patients affected by cerebral ischemia. Chapter 12 shares real-life experience and challenges of rehabilitating patients into the community after cerebral ischemia, and chapter 13 analyzes the social risk variations, including gender inequality, in the reintegration of post-ischemic stroke patients. Although primarily aimed at scientists and clinicians, the contents of the book will be of interest to all those who are interested in cerebral ischemia, including patients and their caregivers.

MJN --- Anatomy of the Cerebral Cortex; Anatomy of the Hippocampus; Genes Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease; Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury; Perinatal Asphyxia; Ischemic Brain Injury; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Exosomes in Post-Ischemic Brain; Neuroinflammation in Post-Ischemic Brain; Neurovascular Reactivity in Cerebral Ischemia; Cathepsin B in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury After Stroke; Curcumin in Post-Ischemic Brain; Treating Cerebral Ischemia; Experimental Stroke Research; Community-Based Rehabilitation in Japan; Social Risk Variation Across Reintegration of Post-Ischemic Stroke Patients --- Anatomy of the Cerebral Cortex; Anatomy of the Hippocampus; Genes Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease; Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury; Perinatal Asphyxia; Ischemic Brain Injury; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Exosomes in Post-Ischemic Brain; Neuroinflammation in Post-Ischemic Brain; Neurovascular Reactivity in Cerebral Ischemia; Cathepsin B in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury After Stroke; Curcumin in Post-Ischemic Brain; Treating Cerebral Ischemia; Experimental Stroke Research; Community-Based Rehabilitation in Japan; Social Risk Variation Across Reintegration of Post-Ischemic Stroke Patients