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The present work consists in the obtention of the rotation curve of the spiral galaxy NGC 7331 from its luminosity profile. In order to do that, 14 images of different spectral bands (from the far ultraviolet to the far infrared) were used, dividing the galaxy in concentric elliptical annuli to obtain the flux for the different distances to the galactic center, and for each spectral band. The luminosity profiles were then corrected for dust absorption. These spectra were then adjusted to stellar population models, using a two-burst function to represent the stellar formation events. With these stellar populations, the stellar mass profile is calculated. The mass profile for the gas in the galaxy is calculated as well, and added to the stellar mass to obtain the total mass profile. This result is used to calculate the rotation curve, with the hypothesis of spherical mass distribution for the bulge and circular planar mass distribution for the galactic disk. This curve was then compared with the rotation curve obtained from spectroscopy, and some theories (i.e. underestimation of the distance, dark matter halo) were formulated in order to explain the differences between the two curves. Some other hypothesis, like the MOND theory, strong magnetic fields in the outer disk or undetected mass clouds, were also introduced, although not developed.

Galaxy --- Spiral galaxy --- rotation curve --- luminosity profile --- mass profile --- ngc7331 --- Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre > Aérospatiale, astronomie & astrophysique

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This book provides a broad introduction to the physics and technology of the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). This new configuration of the LHC is one of the major accelerator projects for the next 20 years and will give new life to the LHC after its first 15-year operation. Not only will it allow more precise measurements of the Higgs boson and of any new particles that might be discovered in the next LHC run, but also extend the mass limit reach for detecting new particles. The HL-LHC is based on the innovative accelerator magnet technologies capable of generating 11–13 Tesla fields, with effectiveness enhanced by use of the new Achromatic Telescopic Squeezing scheme, and other state-of-the-art accelerator technologies, such as superconducting compact RF crab cavities, advanced collimation concepts, and novel power technology based on high temperature superconducting links.The book consists of a series of chapters touching on all issues of technology and design, and each chapter can be read independently. The first few chapters give a summary of the whole project, of the physics motivation and of the accelerator challenges. The subsequent chapters cover the novel technologies, the new configurations of LHC and of its injectors as well as the expected operational implications. Altogether, the book brings the reader to the heart of technologies for the leading edge accelerator and gives insights into next generation hadron colliders.

Large Hadron Collider (France and Switzerland) --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Nuclear Physics --- Large Hadron Collider --- Hadron colliders --- Supercolliders --- High Field Superconducting Magnets --- High Energy Colliders --- Superconducting Accelerators --- Advanced Collimators --- High Luminosity Colliders --- LHC Upgrades --- Crab Cavities --- Superconducting Links

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Gliese 581 is a red dwarf star some 20.3 light years from Earth. Red dwarfs are among the most numerous stars in the galaxy, and they sport diverse planetary systems. At magnitude 10, Gliese 581 is visible to amateur observers but does not stand out. So what makes this star so important? It is that professional observers have confirmed that it has at least four planets orbiting it, and in 2009, Planet d was described in the letters of The Astrophysical Journal as “the first confirmed exoplanet that could support Earth-like life.”   Under a Crimson Sun looks at the nature of red dwarf systems such as Gliese as potential homes for life.   Realistically, what are prospects for life on these distant worlds? Could life evolve and survive there? How do these planetary surfaces and geology evolve? How would life on a red dwarf planet differ from life on Earth? And what are the implications for finding further habitable worlds in our galaxy?   Stevenson provides readers with insight into the habitability of planets and how this changes as time progresses and the central star evolves. Explore with him in this engaging, fascinating book the possibilities for finding life, from bacteria to more complex and even intelligent organisms, on red dwarf system planets.

Exobiology --- Habitable planets --- Red dwarf stars --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Biology - General --- Red dwarf stars. --- Dwarf stars. --- Low-luminosity stars --- Red dwarfs --- Physics. --- Planetology. --- Astronomy. --- Astrophysics. --- Cosmology. --- Astrobiology. --- Popular Science in Astronomy. --- Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology. --- Dwarf stars --- Stars --- Planetary sciences --- Planetology --- Astrobiology --- Life --- Origin --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics

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A pocket-style edition distilled from the New York Times bestsellerAwaiting you in this breezy book is a whirlwind tour through the cosmos-a journey of exploration to other planets, stars, and galaxies, and from black holes to time loops. With acclaimed astrophysicists Neil deGrasse Tyson, Michael A. Strauss, and J. Richard Gott at your side, here you will find a brief and yet breathtaking introduction to the universe, which will help you in your quest to understand how the cosmos actually works.A Brief Welcome to the Universe propels you from our home solar system to the outermost frontiers of space, building your cosmic insight and perspective through a marvelously entertaining narrative. How do stars live and die? What are the prospects of intelligent life elsewhere in the universe? How did the universe begin? Why is it expanding and accelerating in the process? Is our universe alone or part of an infinite multiverse? Exploring these and many other questions, this pocket-friendly book is your passport into the wonders of our evolving cosmos.

Astrophysics --- Cosmology --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Accelerating expansion of the universe. --- Accretion (astrophysics). --- Alpha particle. --- Andromeda Galaxy. --- Angular diameter. --- Astrobiology. --- Astrophysics. --- Atomic nucleus. --- Barred spiral galaxy. --- Big Bang. --- Calculation. --- Chemical element. --- Chronology of the universe. --- Circumference. --- Copernican principle. --- Cosmic Background Explorer. --- Cosmic microwave background. --- Cosmic string. --- Cosmogony. --- Dark energy. --- De Sitter space. --- Deuterium. --- Dimension. --- Earth. --- Einstein field equations. --- Elementary particle. --- Elliptic orbit. --- Energy density. --- Event horizon. --- Exoplanet. --- Extraterrestrial life. --- Galactic Center. --- Galactic year. --- Galaxy cluster. --- Googol. --- Gravitational wave. --- Gravity. --- Hawking radiation. --- Hubble Space Telescope. --- Hubble's law. --- Inflation (cosmology). --- Interstellar medium. --- Irregular galaxy. --- Jim Peebles. --- Jupiter. --- Kepler (spacecraft). --- Kuiper belt. --- Light-year. --- Longevity. --- Luminosity. --- Main sequence. --- Measurement. --- Metric expansion of space. --- Milky Way. --- Molecule. --- Neutron star. --- Neutron. --- Newton's law of universal gravitation. --- Nitrogen. --- Nuclear fusion. --- Nuclear reaction. --- Observable universe. --- Orion Nebula. --- Photon. --- Physicist. --- Planck (spacecraft). --- Planetary habitability. --- Planetary nebula. --- Positron. --- Prediction. --- Pressure. --- Quantity. --- Quantum tunnelling. --- Quasar. --- Real Humans. --- Red giant. --- Result. --- Satellite galaxy. --- Saturn. --- Shape of the universe. --- Solar System. --- Solar mass. --- Spacecraft. --- Spiral galaxy. --- Star. --- Supernova. --- Temperature. --- The Astrophysical Journal. --- The Pluto Files. --- Thermal radiation. --- Universe Today. --- Universe. --- Uranus. --- Vacuum energy. --- Vacuum state. --- Wavelength. --- Weakly interacting massive particles. --- Welcome to the Universe. --- White dwarf. --- Year. --- SCIENCE / Physics / Astrophysics --- SCIENCE / Physics / General