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Imperative sentences usually occur in speech acts such as orders, requests, and pleas. However, they are also used to give advice, and to grant permission, and are sometimes found in advertisements, good wishes and conditional constructions. Yet, the relationship between the form of imperatives, and the wide range of speech acts in which they occur, remains unclear, as do the ways in which semantic theory should handle imperatives. This book is the first to look systematically at both the data and the theory. The first part discusses data from a large set of languages, including many outside the Indo-European family, and analyses in detail the range of uses to which imperatives are put, paying particular attention to controversial cases. This provides the empirical background for the second part, where the authors offer an accessible, comprehensive and in-depth discussion of the major theoretical accounts of imperative semantics and pragmatics.

Grammar, Comparative and general --- Imperative (Grammar) --- Jussive (Grammar) --- Imperative. --- Mood --- Verb --- Linguistics --- Philology

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The imperative clause is one of three major sentence types that have been found to be universal across the languages of the world. Compared to declaratives and interrogatives, the imperative type has received diverse analyses in the literature. This cutting-edge study puts forward a new linguistic theory of imperatives, arguing that categories of the speech act, specifically Speaker and Addressee, are conceptually necessary for an adequate syntactic account. The book offers compelling empirical and descriptive evidence by surveying new typological data in critical assessment of competing hypotheses towards an indexical syntax of human language. An engaging read for students and researchers interested in linguistics, philosophy and the syntax of language.

Grammar, Comparative and general --- Language and languages --- Syntax --- Imperative (Grammar) --- Jussive (Grammar) --- Grammar --- Grammar, Polyglot --- Polyglot grammar --- Imperative --- Grammars --- Mood --- Verb --- Imperative. --- Syntax. --- Grammars. --- Arts and Humanities --- Language & Linguistics --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax

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Imperatives and directive strategies have intrigued both formalists and functionalists. They continue to search for the answers to questions like?what are the semantics of the imperative??,?how is it used (in the world?s languages)?? and?which factors determine the choice between imperatives and other directive strategies??. This volume takes a broadly functional-typological perspective and contributes to the literature in several respects. It presents new data from a variety of languages, some of which have not been studied in depth before. It exemplifies the benefits of traditional methodologies as well as the potential of more innovative ones. In addition, the volume sheds new light on the imperative as a typological notion, its meaning and uses and its interaction with other grammatical categories. It also offers new insights into the relation between different directive strategies within and across languages and into the (dis)similarities between equivalent directive strategies in a language family

Grammar, Comparative and general --- Functionalism (Linguistics) --- Functional analysis (Linguistics) --- Functional grammar --- Functional linguistics --- Functional-structural analysis (Linguistics) --- Grammar, Functional --- Grammatical functions --- Linguistics --- Structural linguistics --- Language and languages --- Syntax --- Imperative (Grammar) --- Jussive (Grammar) --- Imperative. --- Syntax. --- Mood --- Verb --- Grammar --- Pragmatics --- Discourse analysis --- Typology (Linguistics) --- Linguistic typology --- Linguistic universals --- Pragmalinguistics --- General semantics --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Semantics (Philosophy) --- Discourse grammar --- Text grammar --- Semantics --- Semiotics --- Imperative --- Typology --- Classification --- Philosophy --- Philology --- Grammar, Comparative and general - Imperative - Congresses --- Grammar, Comparative and general - Syntax - Congresses --- Functionalism (Linguistics) - Congresses --- Discourse analysis - Congresses --- Pragmatics - Congresses --- Typology (Linguistics) - Congresses --- Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax