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Gravity surveys have a huge range of applications, indicating density variations in the subsurface and identifying man-made structures, local changes of rock type or even deep-seated structures at the crust/mantle boundary. This important one-stop book combines an introductory manual of practical procedures with a full explanation of analysis techniques, enabling students, geophysicists, geologists and engineers to understand the methodology, applications and limitations of a gravity survey. Filled with examples from a wide variety of acquisition problems, the book instructs students in avoiding common mistakes and misconceptions. It explores the increasing near-surface geophysical applications being opened up by improvements in instrumentation and provides more advance-level material as a useful introduction to potential theory. This is a key text for graduate students of geophysics and for professionals using gravity surveys, from civil engineers and archaeologists to oil and mineral prospectors and geophysicists seeking to learn more about the Earth's deep interior.
Gravity anomalies --- Geophysical surveys. --- Measurement. --- Earth (Planet) --- Crust. --- Geophysics --- Geophysics surveys --- Surveys --- Anomalies, Gravity --- Bouguer anomalies --- Gravity, Local disturbance of --- Isostatic anomalies --- Gravity --- Plumb-line deflections --- Prospecting --- Geophysical methods --- Earth
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Geology --- Magnetic anomalies --- Gravity anomalies --- Seismic refraction method --- Anomalies, Gravity --- Bouguer anomalies --- Gravity, Local disturbance of --- Isostatic anomalies --- Gravity --- Plumb-line deflections --- Prospecting --- Anomalies, Geomagnetic --- Anomalies, Magnetic --- Geomagnetic anomalies --- Geomagnetism --- Geognosy --- Geoscience --- Earth sciences --- Natural history --- Refraction seismic testing --- Refraction --- Seismic prospecting --- Seismic reflection method --- Seismometry --- Soil surveys --- Geophysical methods
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Gravity interpretation involves inversion of data into models, but it is more. Gravity interpretation is used in a “holistic” sense going beyond “inversion”. Inversion is like optimization within certain a priori assumptions, i.e., all anticipated models lie in a limited domain of the a priori errors. No source should exist outside the anticipated model volume, but that is never literally true. Interpretation goes beyond by taking “outside” possibilities into account in the widest sense. Any neglected possibility carries the danger of seriously affecting the interpretation. Gravity interpretation pertains to wider questions such as the shape of the Earth, the nature of the continental and oceanic crust, isostasy, forces and stresses, geol- ical structure, nding useful resources, climate change, etc. Interpretation is often used synonymously with modelling and inversion of observations toward models. Interpretation places the inversion results into the wider geological or economic context and into the framework of science and humanity. Models play a central role in science. They are images of phenomena of the physical world, for example, scale images or metaphors, enabling the human mind to describe observations and re- tionships by abstract mathematical means. Models served orientation and survival in a complex, partly invisible physical and social environment.
Electronic books. -- local. --- Geological modeling. --- Gravity anomalies. --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Cosmic Physics --- Theoretical Astronomy --- Modeling, Geological --- Anomalies, Gravity --- Bouguer anomalies --- Gravity, Local disturbance of --- Isostatic anomalies --- Earth sciences. --- Geology. --- Geophysics. --- Earth Sciences. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Earth Sciences, general. --- Models and modelmaking --- Gravity --- Plumb-line deflections --- Prospecting --- Geophysical methods --- Physical geography. --- Geography. --- Cosmography --- Earth sciences --- World history --- Geognosy --- Geoscience --- Natural history --- Geography --- Measurement. --- Geosciences --- Environmental sciences --- Physical sciences --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics
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The process of regional-residual separation in potential field is age-old. Broadly, there are two techniques for regional-residual resolution, viz., graphical and analytical. Both the techniques have their own respective shortcomings. In this book, the authors have described the technique based on finite element method in which only eight (or twelve) nodal observed gravity values are used for the regional computation, thereby eliminating the possible contamination of anomalous fields and also the technique does not assume an explicit model and physical properties like density of rocks etc. in the regional computation. The book discusses the advantages of this technique viz., it is not site-specific; the computation is independent of any prior assumptions as to the form and depth of shallow or deeper structures; it can handle data distributed at random or on a regular grid on the map space; and the neighbouring surveys join smoothly. The book focuses on application of this new technique which has been demonstrated in different fields, such as hydrocarbon, minerals and groundwater, structural studies, earthquake and engineering studies and impact structures.
Gravity anomalies. --- Physics --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Cosmic Physics --- Theoretical Astronomy --- Geophysics. --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Anomalies, Gravity --- Bouguer anomalies --- Gravity, Local disturbance of --- Isostatic anomalies --- Earth sciences. --- Mineral resources. --- Geotechnical engineering. --- Physical measurements. --- Measurement. --- Engineering. --- Earth Sciences. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences. --- Engineering, general. --- Mineral Resources. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Earth sciences --- Gravity --- Plumb-line deflections --- Prospecting --- Geophysical methods --- Physical geography. --- Deposits, Mineral --- Mineral deposits --- Mineral resources --- Mines and mining --- Mining --- Natural resources --- Geology, Economic --- Minerals --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Geography --- Measurement . --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Measurements, Physical --- Mathematical physics --- Measurement --- Engineering, Geotechnical --- Geotechnics --- Geotechnology --- Engineering geology
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