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This book places thermodynamics on a system-theoretic foundation so as to harmonize it with classical mechanics. Using the highest standards of exposition and rigor, the authors develop a novel formulation of thermodynamics that can be viewed as a moderate-sized system theory as compared to statistical thermodynamics. This middle-ground theory involves deterministic large-scale dynamical system models that bridge the gap between classical and statistical thermodynamics. The authors' theory is motivated by the fact that a discipline as cardinal as thermodynamics--entrusted with some of the most perplexing secrets of our universe--demands far more than physical mathematics as its underpinning. Even though many great physicists, such as Archimedes, Newton, and Lagrange, have humbled us with their mathematically seamless eurekas over the centuries, this book suggests that a great many physicists and engineers who have developed the theory of thermodynamics seem to have forgotten that mathematics, when used rigorously, is the irrefutable pathway to truth. This book uses system theoretic ideas to bring coherence, clarity, and precision to an extremely important and poorly understood classical area of science.

Thermodynamics --- Differentiable dynamical systems. --- Differential dynamical systems --- Dynamical systems, Differentiable --- Dynamics, Differentiable --- Differential equations --- Global analysis (Mathematics) --- Topological dynamics --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Dynamics --- Mechanics --- Physics --- Heat --- Heat-engines --- Quantum theory --- Mathematics. --- Addition. --- Adiabatic process. --- Applied mathematics. --- Arthur Eddington. --- Asymmetry. --- Available energy (particle collision). --- Axiom. --- Balance equation. --- Banach space. --- Boltzmann's entropy formula. --- Brillouin scattering. --- Carnot cycle. --- Classical mechanics. --- Clausius (crater). --- Compact space. --- Conservation law. --- Conservation of energy. --- Constant of integration. --- Continuous function (set theory). --- Continuous function. --- Control theory. --- Deformation (mechanics). --- Derivative. --- Diathermal wall. --- Diffeomorphism. --- Differentiable function. --- Diffusion process. --- Dimension (vector space). --- Dimension. --- Dissipation. --- Dot product. --- Dynamical system. --- Emergence. --- Energy density. --- Energy level. --- Energy storage. --- Energy. --- Entropy. --- Equation. --- Equations of motion. --- Equilibrium point. --- Equilibrium thermodynamics. --- Equipartition theorem. --- Existential quantification. --- First law of thermodynamics. --- Hamiltonian mechanics. --- Heat capacity. --- Heat death of the universe. --- Heat flux. --- Heat transfer. --- Homeomorphism. --- Hydrogen atom. --- Ideal gas. --- Inequality (mathematics). --- Infimum and supremum. --- Infinitesimal. --- Initial condition. --- Instant. --- Internal energy. --- Irreversible process. --- Isolated system. --- Kinetic theory of gases. --- Laws of thermodynamics. --- Linear dynamical system. --- Lipschitz continuity. --- Local boundedness. --- Lyapunov function. --- Lyapunov stability. --- Mathematical optimization. --- Molecule. --- Non-equilibrium thermodynamics. --- Operator norm. --- Probability. --- Quantity. --- Reversible process (thermodynamics). --- Second law of thermodynamics. --- Semi-infinite. --- Smoothness. --- State variable. --- State-space representation. --- Statistical mechanics. --- Steady state. --- Summation. --- Supply (economics). --- Systems theory. --- Temperature. --- Theorem. --- Theoretical physics. --- Theory. --- Thermal conduction. --- Thermal equilibrium. --- Thermodynamic equilibrium. --- Thermodynamic process. --- Thermodynamic state. --- Thermodynamic system. --- Thermodynamic temperature. --- Thermodynamics. --- Time evolution. --- Zeroth law of thermodynamics.

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This book aims to provide research and engineering applications related to water and hydraulic problems. It is comprised of scientific papers in all topics of hydraulics, in particular, on sustainable water management, environmental hydraulics, ecohydraulics, water–energy nexus, and systems protection and efficiency. Safety and innovation issues, interdisciplinary problems, and linkage of theory to experimental and field applications can also be found within. Solutions of water problems in the form of prediction models, flow simulations, engineering systems, monitoring, management strategies covering scientific investigations and/or experimental or field studies of flow behaviour, hydrodynamics, and climate changes effects and adaptation, new design solutions, innovative approaches in the field of environment, hydraulics, techniques, methods, and analyses to address the new challenges in environmental hydraulics are alo presented and explored. This topic is studied both from a technical and environmental point of view, with the objective of protecting and enhancing the quality of the environment. In a cross-disciplinary field of study, this book comprises open channel/river flows and pressurised systems, combining, among others, new technological, social, and environmental hydraulic challenges, working in water-related fields with available information, new concepts and tools, new design solutions, eco-friendly technologies, and the advanced materials necessary to address the increasing challenges of ensuring a sustainable water environment by promoting the adaptation, flexibility, integration, and sustainability of recognised environmental solutions.

Technology: general issues --- water well --- hydraulic efficiency --- degradation --- engineering structure --- well ageing --- lifespan --- well operation --- water well management --- sustainable efficiency --- frozen soil --- soil freezing curve --- hydraulic conductivity --- fractal model --- Darcy’s law --- dissolved phosphorus --- hydrodynamic condition --- Lattice Boltzmann method --- release characteristics --- stormwater reuse --- SCS curve number --- CFD --- fecal indicator bacteria --- E. coli --- fish protection --- head loss --- intake --- hydraulics of renewable energy systems --- hydraulic structure design and management --- scale model test --- canal pool --- delay time --- volume compensation --- feedforward control --- downstream constant water level --- toothed internal energy dissipaters (TIED) --- area contraction ratio --- over-current capability --- energy dissipation rate --- time-averaged pressure --- pulsating pressure --- time-averaged velocity --- pulsating velocity --- water level --- Three Gorges Dam --- hydrodynamic model --- river–lake system --- Poyang Lake --- jet falling --- energy dissipation --- surface disturbances --- pressure fluctuations --- water jet --- physical modeling --- water flow diversity --- permeable spur dike --- fish aggregation effect --- channel regulation --- suspended vegetation --- FTW --- ADV --- velocity profile --- submerge ratio --- SVF --- hydro-energy --- CAES --- transient flow --- energy concept --- energy storage --- similarity law --- erosion --- cohesive sediments --- rotating circular flume --- mathematical modelling --- fitting coefficients --- sediment deposition --- flocculation --- bed shear stress --- consolidation --- hydrostatic pressure machine --- micro hydropower --- open source --- sliding mesh --- volume of fluid --- caffa3d --- pumped hydro storage (PHS) --- hybrid hydro-wind-solar solutions --- technical feasibility --- new power generation --- new hydraulic concepts --- sustainable developments --- CFD models --- water systems efficiency --- hydropower systems --- eco-design --- environmentally-friendly solutions --- hydrologic and ecologic challenges --- hydraulic structures --- free surface flows --- pressurised flows --- soil structure --- groundwater --- erosion and energy dissipaters --- hydrodynamics --- water well --- hydraulic efficiency --- degradation --- engineering structure --- well ageing --- lifespan --- well operation --- water well management --- sustainable efficiency --- frozen soil --- soil freezing curve --- hydraulic conductivity --- fractal model --- Darcy’s law --- dissolved phosphorus --- hydrodynamic condition --- Lattice Boltzmann method --- release characteristics --- stormwater reuse --- SCS curve number --- CFD --- fecal indicator bacteria --- E. coli --- fish protection --- head loss --- intake --- hydraulics of renewable energy systems --- hydraulic structure design and management --- scale model test --- canal pool --- delay time --- volume compensation --- feedforward control --- downstream constant water level --- toothed internal energy dissipaters (TIED) --- area contraction ratio --- over-current capability --- energy dissipation rate --- time-averaged pressure --- pulsating pressure --- time-averaged velocity --- pulsating velocity --- water level --- Three Gorges Dam --- hydrodynamic model --- river–lake system --- Poyang Lake --- jet falling --- energy dissipation --- surface disturbances --- pressure fluctuations --- water jet --- physical modeling --- water flow diversity --- permeable spur dike --- fish aggregation effect --- channel regulation --- suspended vegetation --- FTW --- ADV --- velocity profile --- submerge ratio --- SVF --- hydro-energy --- CAES --- transient flow --- energy concept --- energy storage --- similarity law --- erosion --- cohesive sediments --- rotating circular flume --- mathematical modelling --- fitting coefficients --- sediment deposition --- flocculation --- bed shear stress --- consolidation --- hydrostatic pressure machine --- micro hydropower --- open source --- sliding mesh --- volume of fluid --- caffa3d --- pumped hydro storage (PHS) --- hybrid hydro-wind-solar solutions --- technical feasibility --- new power generation --- new hydraulic concepts --- sustainable developments --- CFD models --- water systems efficiency --- hydropower systems --- eco-design --- environmentally-friendly solutions --- hydrologic and ecologic challenges --- hydraulic structures --- free surface flows --- pressurised flows --- soil structure --- groundwater --- erosion and energy dissipaters --- hydrodynamics