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Vous êtes en réunion. Une douzaine de personnes autour de vous tentent de s'accorder sur une décision urgente et importante. Très vite, la pagaille s'installe, le président de séance est débordé, quelques individus quittent la salle. Ne parvenant pas au consensus, ni même à un compromis, on reporte la décision à une prochaine réunion. Décider à plusieurs propose des parades : faire taire le leader, désigner un avocat du diable, instituer la confrontation et encourager l'esprit critique, s'entourer d'experts, oser l'expérimentation, etc. Des recettes ? Non : des outils, pour nous obliger à vérifier les informations, animer avec méthode, concevoir des solutions en misant sur l'intelligence collective tout en évitant la pensée unique, permettre l'expression du plus grand nombre sans étouffer la raison.

Group decision making.

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Artificial intelligence. --- Fuzzy sets. --- Group decision making --- Mathematics.

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Majorities --- Voting --- Group decision making --- Majorité (Droit constitutionnel) --- Vote --- Décision de groupe --- Group decision-making --- Group decision-making. --- Majorities. --- Voting. --- Representative government and representation --- Majorité (Droit constitutionnel) --- Décision de groupe --- Politique et gouvernement --- France --- Democratie --- Histoire

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Stefano Bartolini argues that, despite the growth of a large theoretical literature about institutions and institutionalism over the last thirty years, the specific nature of political institutions has been relatively neglected. Political institutions have been subsumed into the broader problems of the emergence, persistence, change and functions of all types of institutions. The author defines political institutions strictly as norms and rules of 'conferral', to be distinguished from norms/rules of 'conduct' and of 'recognition'. They are those norms and rules that empower rulers, set limits to the capacity to ensure behavioural compliance, and define the proper means for achieving such compliance. This book draws logical and empirical consequences from this understanding, to distinguish different types of norms/rules, and to specify the peculiarities of those norms/rules that are 'political'. The book will appeal to researchers of political institutions in comparative politics, and in political science and political sociology more broadly.

Political science --- Group decision making --- Social norms --- Decision making. --- Political aspects. --- Political sociology --- Political systems

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Many demands for democratic inclusion rest on a simple yet powerful idea. It's a principle of affected interests. The principle states that all those affected by a collective decision should have a say in making that decision. Yet, in today's highly globalized world, the implications of this 'All-Affected Principle' are potentially radical and far-reaching. Empowering Affected Interests brings together a distinguished group of leading democratic theorists and philosophers to debate whether and how to rewrite the rules of democracy to account for the increasing interdependence of states, markets, and peoples. It examines the grounds that justify democratic inclusion across borders of states, localities, and the private sector, on topics ranging from immigration and climate change to labor markets and philanthropy. The result is an original and important reassessment of the All-Affected Principle and its alternatives that advances our understanding of the theory and practice of democracy. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Democracy --- Political participation --- Representative government and representation --- Group decision making. --- Philosophy.