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Book
Études de philosophie du langage
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ISBN: 9782722601994 Year: 2013 Publisher: Collège de France

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Abstract

It is quite possible that the attacks to which the traditional notion of meaning has been subjected, from various sides, and the appearance of a whole series of doctrines or tendencies which could be grouped under the convenient general designation of " semantic skepticism ”appear afterwards as having constituted one of the major events, not to say the major event, of the philosophy of the second half of the twentieth century. By "semantic skepticism", I mean an attitude which can range from the simple challenge of the possibility of submitting a notion like that of "meaning" to a theoretical treatment appropriate to the outright negation of the existence of semantic facts that it might be a question of explaining with the help of some theory.On the other hand, it is only too fair to note that the recent period has also been distinguished, on the other hand, by forms no less typical of exaggerated confidence in the possibilities that the theory of signification offers to philosophy today. - the most remarkable of which being represented by the idea, of which Michael Dummett will have been the most convinced and the most talented defender, that the theory of meaning could have reached since Frege the status of new paradigm of first philosophy .


Book
The Great Formal Machinery Works : Theories of Deduction and Computation at the Origins of the Digital Age
Author:
ISBN: 1400885035 0691174172 Year: 2017 Publisher: Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press,

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The information age owes its existence to a little-known but crucial development, the theoretical study of logic and the foundations of mathematics. The Great Formal Machinery Works draws on original sources and rare archival materials to trace the history of the theories of deduction and computation that laid the logical foundations for the digital revolution.Jan von Plato examines the contributions of figures such as Aristotle; the nineteenth-century German polymath Hermann Grassmann; George Boole, whose Boolean logic would prove essential to programming languages and computing; Ernst Schröder, best known for his work on algebraic logic; and Giuseppe Peano, cofounder of mathematical logic. Von Plato shows how the idea of a formal proof in mathematics emerged gradually in the second half of the nineteenth century, hand in hand with the notion of a formal process of computation. A turning point was reached by 1930, when Kurt Gödel conceived his celebrated incompleteness theorems. They were an enormous boost to the study of formal languages and computability, which were brought to perfection by the end of the 1930s with precise theories of formal languages and formal deduction and parallel theories of algorithmic computability. Von Plato describes how the first theoretical ideas of a computer soon emerged in the work of Alan Turing in 1936 and John von Neumann some years later.Shedding new light on this crucial chapter in the history of science, The Great Formal Machinery Works is essential reading for students and researchers in logic, mathematics, and computer science.

Keywords

Information technology --- Computers --- History. --- Arend Heyting. --- Begriffsschrift. --- Bertrand Russell. --- David Hilbert. --- Earth. --- Ernst Schröder. --- Eugenio Beltrami. --- Gentzen. --- George Boole. --- Gerard Gentzen. --- Gottlob Frege. --- Guiseppe Peano. --- Gödel. --- Göttingen. --- Hermann Grassmann. --- Heyting algebras. --- Hilbert. --- Karl Menger. --- Kurt Gödel. --- Kurt Hensel. --- Leopold Kronecker. --- Moritz Schlick. --- Paul Bernays. --- Peano. --- Principia Mathematica. --- Rudolf Carnap. --- Thoralf Skolem. --- Vienna Circle. --- algebraic equations. --- algebraic logic. --- algorithmic computability. --- angles. --- arithmetic. --- assumptions. --- axioms. --- basic notions. --- calculus. --- classical arithmetic. --- computation. --- connectives. --- contemporary logic. --- deduction. --- deductive reasoning. --- digital revolution. --- finitary reasoning. --- finitism. --- geometry. --- hypothetic reasoning. --- incompleteness theorems. --- indirect proofs. --- inference. --- information age. --- intuistic arithmetic. --- lattice theory. --- logic. --- logical empiricism. --- logical structure. --- logical truths. --- mathematical logic. --- mathematical proofs. --- mathematical roots. --- mathematics. --- negation. --- non-Euclidan geometries. --- notation. --- one-place predicates. --- parallel postulate. --- philosophy. --- programming language. --- proof. --- pure thinking. --- quantificational inferences. --- theorems. --- triangles.


Periodical
Politics, religion & ideology
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ISSN: 21567697 21567689 Year: 2000 Publisher: Abingdon

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