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Combustion codes were applied to reproduce the experimental data from tests which investigate high pressure melt ejection (HPME) and direct containment heating (DCH) issue. The code calculations revealed shortcomings of the existing models which made an application of the code for reactor calculations unfeasible because of the required up-scaling. Combustion and heat loss models need further improvements. However, data from experiments at a single scale are not sufficient to reach this goal.
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Biomass. --- Fluidized-bed combustion. --- Risers (Founding)
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Fluidized-bed combustion --- Management --- FLUIDIZED BEDS --- COMBUSTION --- CENTRALES THERMIQUES --- COMBUSTION, TECHNIQUE DE LA --- DECHETS --- FLUE GASES --- ASPECT DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT
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Calcium and Chemical Looping Technology for Power Generation and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Capture reviews the fundamental principles, systems, oxygen carriers, and carbon dioxide carriers relevant to chemical looping and combustion. Chapters review the market development, economics, and deployment of these systems, also providing detailed information on the variety of materials and processes that will help to shape the future of CO2 capture ready power plants. Reviews the fundamental principles, systems, oxygen carriers, and carbon dioxide carriers relevant to calcium and chemical loopingProvi
Carbon sequestration. --- Electric power production. --- Fluidized-bed combustion. --- Combustion --- Fluidized-bed furnaces --- Electric power generation --- Electricity generation --- Power production, Electric --- Electric power systems --- Electrification --- Carbon capture and storage --- Carbon dioxide sequestration --- CCS (Carbon sequestration) --- Sequestration (Chemistry)
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Fluidized bed (FB) combustion and gasification are advanced techniques for fuel flexible, high efficiency and low emission conversion. Fuels are combusted or gasified as a fluidized bed suspended by jets with sorbents that remove harmful emissions such as SOx. CO2 capture can also be incorporated. Fluidized bed technologies for near-zero emission combustion and gasification provides an overview of established FB technologies while also detailing recent developments in the field.Part one, an introductory section, reviews fluidization science and FB technologies and includes chapters on
Energy conservation . --- Fluidization. --- Fossil fuels. --- Petroleum industry and trade. --- Fluidized-bed combustion. --- Fuel --- Coal gasification. --- Combustion. --- Coal --- Gasification of coal --- Fuels --- Fluid bed processes --- Fluidized systems --- Gasification --- Carbonization --- Distillation, Destructive --- Gas manufacture and works --- Gas producers --- Power resources --- Combustion --- Fluidized-bed furnaces --- Bulk solids flow --- Fluid dynamics
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Thermo-Hydrodynamic Design of Fluidized Bed Combustors: Estimating Metal Wastage is a unique volume that finds that the most sensitive parameters affecting metal wastage are superficial fluidizing velocity, particle diameter, and particle sphericity. Gross consistencies between disparate data sources using different techniques were found when the erosion rates are compared on the same basis using the concept of renormalization. The simplified mechanistic models and correlations, when validated, can be used to renormalize any experimental data so they can be compared on a consistent basis using a master equation.
Fluidized-bed combustion. --- Fluidized-bed furnaces. --- Fossil fuels -- Combustion. --- Fluidized-bed combustion --- Fluidized-bed furnaces --- Metal wastes --- Mechanical Engineering --- Physics --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Mechanical Engineering - General --- Thermodynamics --- Metal wastes. --- Metal-containing wastes --- Metallurgical wastes --- Waste metals --- Wastes, Metal --- Wastes, Metallurgical --- Furnaces, Fluidized-bed --- Engineering. --- Thermodynamics. --- Heat engineering. --- Heat transfer. --- Mass transfer. --- Environmental pollution. --- Materials science. --- Engineering Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer. --- Terrestrial Pollution. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Factory and trade waste --- Fluidization --- Furnaces --- Combustion --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Chemical pollution --- Chemicals --- Contamination of environment --- Environmental pollution --- Pollution --- Contamination (Technology) --- Asbestos abatement --- Bioremediation --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental quality --- Hazardous waste site remediation --- Hazardous wastes --- In situ remediation --- Lead abatement --- Pollutants --- Refuse and refuse disposal --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Environmental aspects --- Heat --- Mechanical engineering --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Dynamics --- Mechanics --- Heat-engines --- Quantum theory --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- Mass transport (Physics) --- Transport theory --- Heat transfer --- Thermal transfer --- Transmission of heat --- Energy transfer
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· Explains operation and scientific fundamentals of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers · Outlines practical issues in industrial use · Teaches how to optimize design for maximum reliability and efficiency · Discusses operating and maintenance issues and how to troubleshoot them This book provides practicing engineers and students with insight into the design and operation of circulating fluidized bed boilers through a combination of theoretical concepts and practical instruction. Numerous examples from actual operating plants illustrate key concepts in combustion, hydrodynamics, heat transfer, and materials. The relevance of feed-stock parameters to the operation of CFB boilers is examined, including impacts on the design of mechanical components, such as cyclones, air distributor grids, and solid recycle systems. This versatile resource explains how CFB boilers work, and how the basic principles of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics influence design, while providing advice on planning new projects, troubleshooting existing equipment, and appreciating the capabilities and limitations of the process. From hydrodynamics to construction and maintenance, the author covers all the essential information needed to understand, design, operate, and maintain a complete fluidized bed system. Understanding how to leverage this technology is a must for clean coal operations as well as for biomass power generation.
Energy. --- Renewable and Green Energy. --- Renewable energy sources. --- Energies renouvelables --- Mechanical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Mechanical Engineering - General --- Steam-boilers. --- Fluidized-bed furnaces. --- Steam generators --- Furnaces, Fluidized-bed --- Renewable energy resources. --- Alternate energy sources. --- Green energy industries. --- Boilers --- Engines --- Pressure vessels --- Fluidization --- Fluidized-bed combustion --- Furnaces --- Alternate energy sources --- Alternative energy sources --- Energy sources, Renewable --- Sustainable energy sources --- Power resources --- Renewable natural resources --- Agriculture and energy
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The proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion (FBC) collect 9 plenary lectures and 175 peer-reviewed technical papers presented in the conference held in Xi'an China in May 18-21,2009. The conference was the 20th conference in a series, covering the latest fundamental research results, as well as the application experience from pilot plants, demonstrations and industrial units regarding to the FBC science and technology. It was co-hosted by Tsinghua University, Southeast University, Zhejiang University, China Electricity Council and Chinese Machinery Industry Federation. A particular feature of the proceedings is the balance between the papers submitted by experts from industry and the papers submitted by academic researchers, aiming to bring academic knowledge to application as well as to define new areas for research. The authors of the proceedings are the most active researchers, technology developers, experienced and representative facility operators and manufacturers. They presented the latest research results, state-of-the-art development and projects, and the useful experience. The proceedings are divided into following sections: • CFB Boiler Technology, Operation and Design • Fundamental Research on Fluidization and Fluidized Combustion • C02 Capture and Chemical Looping • Gasification • Modeling and Simulation on FBC Technology • Environments and Pollutant Control • Sustainable Fuels The proceedings can be served as idea references for researchers, engineers, academia and graduate students, plant operators, boiler manufacturers, component suppliers, and technical managers who work on FBC fundamental research, technology development and industrial application.
Fluidized-bed combustion --- Chemistry. --- Chemical engineering. --- Electric power production. --- Mechanical engineering. --- Industrial engineering. --- Production engineering. --- Environmental engineering. --- Biotechnology. --- Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering. --- Industrial and Production Engineering. --- Mechanical Engineering. --- Energy Technology. --- Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology. --- Combustion --- Fluidized-bed furnaces --- Energy Systems. --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Engineering, Mechanical --- Engineering --- Machinery --- Steam engineering --- Management engineering --- Simplification in industry --- Value analysis (Cost control) --- Chemistry, Industrial --- Engineering, Chemical --- Industrial chemistry --- Chemistry, Technical --- Metallurgy --- Energy systems. --- Manufacturing engineering --- Process engineering --- Industrial engineering --- Mechanical engineering --- Environmental control --- Environmental effects --- Environmental stresses --- Environmental health --- Environmental protection --- Pollution --- Sustainable engineering
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Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) operate at high temperatures allowing more fuel flexibility and also useful heat output and so increase total efficiency, but does give some interesting engineering challenges. Solid Oxide Fuels Cells: Facts and Figures provides clear and accurate data for a selection of SOFC topics from the specific details of Ni cermet anodes, chemical expansion in materials, and the measuring and modelling of mechanical stresses, to the broader scope of the history and present design of cells, to SOFC systems and the future of SOFC. Celebrating Ulf Bossel’s work on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, and especially his running of the European Fuel Cell Forum, Solid Oxide Fuels Cells: Facts and Figures covers important topics on the way including intermediate temperature fuel cells, metal supported fuel cells and both new materials and engineering solutions to some of the challenges of getting SOFC to market. The chapters are based on the special plenary talks given by some of the most respected and talented people in the field at the 2010 European SOFC Forum in Luzern and the title for this book comes from the report produced by Ulf for the IEA “Final Report on SOFC Data, Facts and Figures”, Swiss Federal Office of Energy, Berne, 1992. The comprehensive nature of Solid Oxide Fuels Cells: Facts and Figures makes it a key resource of SOFC topics for students, lecturers, researchers and industry practitioners alike.
Energy conversion. --- Fluidized-bed combustion. --- Synthesis gas -- Combustion. --- Mechanical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Mechanical Engineering - General --- Solid oxide fuel cells. --- Fuel cells. --- Ceramic fuel cells --- SOFCs (Solid oxide fuel cells) --- Energy. --- Renewable energy resources. --- Electrochemistry. --- Thermodynamics. --- Heat engineering. --- Heat transfer. --- Mass transfer. --- Renewable energy sources. --- Alternate energy sources. --- Green energy industries. --- Renewable and Green Energy. --- Engineering Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer. --- Green energy industries --- Energy industries --- Alternate energy sources --- Alternative energy sources --- Energy sources, Renewable --- Sustainable energy sources --- Power resources --- Renewable natural resources --- Agriculture and energy --- Mass transport (Physics) --- Thermodynamics --- Transport theory --- Heat transfer --- Thermal transfer --- Transmission of heat --- Energy transfer --- Heat --- Mechanical engineering --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Dynamics --- Mechanics --- Physics --- Heat-engines --- Quantum theory --- Direct energy conversion --- Electric batteries --- Electric power production from chemical action --- Electrochemistry --- Fuel cells --- Engineering. --- Chemistry. --- Physical sciences --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology
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Nondestructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) is one of the most important techniques for determining the quality and safety of materials, components, devices, and structures. NDT&E technologies include ultrasonic testing (UT), magnetic particle testing (MT), magnetic flux leakage testing (MFLT), eddy current testing (ECT), radiation testing (RT), penetrant testing (PT), and visual testing (VT), and these are widely used throughout the modern industry. However, some NDT processes, such as those for cleaning specimens and removing paint, cause environmental pollution and must only be considered in limited environments (time, space, and sensor selection). Thus, NDT&E is classified as a typical 3D (dirty, dangerous, and difficult) job. In addition, NDT operators judge the presence of damage based on experience and subjective judgment, so in some cases, a flaw may not be detected during the test. Therefore, to obtain clearer test results, a means for the operator to determine flaws more easily should be provided. In addition, the test results should be organized systemically in order to identify the cause of the abnormality in the test specimen and to identify the progress of the damage quantitatively.
Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- composites --- multi-scale --- embedded damage --- non-destructive testing --- photoacoustic --- ultrasonic representation --- terahertz --- coded-aperture imaging --- convolution neural network (CNN) --- fast image reconstruction --- nondestructive evaluation --- acoustic nonlinearity parameter --- indirect method --- laser ultrasound --- fully non-contact --- surface acoustic wave --- UWB-PPM --- UWB-OOK --- buried objects --- nondestructive environment --- Levenberg-Marquardt method --- textured surface anomaly detection --- computer vision --- deep learning --- attention mechanism --- adaptive fusion --- power quality disturbances --- long short term memory --- convolutional neural network --- short time Fourier transform --- leaky Lamb wave --- semi-analytical finite element (SAFE) --- waveguide sensor --- finite-width plate --- waveguide plate --- width modes --- spatial beating --- Rayleigh-Sommerfeld integral (RSI) --- weld cracks --- eddy current nondestructive testing --- gradiently relative magnetic permeability --- heat affected zone --- austenitic stainless steel --- circulating fluidized bed combustion boiler --- water-cooled wall tube --- magnetic sensor array --- magnetic flux density --- flexible ultrasonic probe --- neutron irradiation embrittlement --- reactor pressure vessel --- magnetic nondestructive evaluation --- micromagnetic multiparameter microstructure and stress analysis 3MA --- magnetic adaptive testing --- 3D imaging of metal grains --- non-destructive testing methods --- stacking images --- SA106 carbon steel --- terahertz waves --- refractive index --- thickness measurement --- Shim stock films --- composite materials --- reflection mode --- neutron radiography --- Bragg-edge imaging --- gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) --- low transformation temperature (LTT) steel --- austenite-to-martensite transformation --- Debye-Waller factor --- composites --- multi-scale --- embedded damage --- non-destructive testing --- photoacoustic --- ultrasonic representation --- terahertz --- coded-aperture imaging --- convolution neural network (CNN) --- fast image reconstruction --- nondestructive evaluation --- acoustic nonlinearity parameter --- indirect method --- laser ultrasound --- fully non-contact --- surface acoustic wave --- UWB-PPM --- UWB-OOK --- buried objects --- nondestructive environment --- Levenberg-Marquardt method --- textured surface anomaly detection --- computer vision --- deep learning --- attention mechanism --- adaptive fusion --- power quality disturbances --- long short term memory --- convolutional neural network --- short time Fourier transform --- leaky Lamb wave --- semi-analytical finite element (SAFE) --- waveguide sensor --- finite-width plate --- waveguide plate --- width modes --- spatial beating --- Rayleigh-Sommerfeld integral (RSI) --- weld cracks --- eddy current nondestructive testing --- gradiently relative magnetic permeability --- heat affected zone --- austenitic stainless steel --- circulating fluidized bed combustion boiler --- water-cooled wall tube --- magnetic sensor array --- magnetic flux density --- flexible ultrasonic probe --- neutron irradiation embrittlement --- reactor pressure vessel --- magnetic nondestructive evaluation --- micromagnetic multiparameter microstructure and stress analysis 3MA --- magnetic adaptive testing --- 3D imaging of metal grains --- non-destructive testing methods --- stacking images --- SA106 carbon steel --- terahertz waves --- refractive index --- thickness measurement --- Shim stock films --- composite materials --- reflection mode --- neutron radiography --- Bragg-edge imaging --- gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) --- low transformation temperature (LTT) steel --- austenite-to-martensite transformation --- Debye-Waller factor
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