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Epigenetics.

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Many of the most common diseases are influenced by a combination of multiple factors, which include environmental effectors as well as genetic and epigenetic variations. Therefore, these diseases are grouped under the term "complex" diseases because, from the point of view of genetics, they cannot be explained by simple Mendelian inheritance. The aim of this special issue was to identify genetic and epigenetic factors involved in such diseases in order to improve not only the knowledge of risk factors for those diseases, which could be of help for prevention, but also the understanding and characterization of each disease and to optimize and personalize the treatment.

Epigenetics.

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Epigenetic Technological Applications is a compilation of state-of-the-art technologies involved in epigenetic research. Epigenetics is an exciting new field of biology research, and many technologies are invented and developed specifically for epigenetics study. With chapters covering the latest developments in crystallography, computational modeling, the uses of histones, and more, Epigenetic Technological Applications addresses the question of how these new ideas, procedures, and innovations can be applied to current epigenetics research, and how they can keep pushing discovery forward and

Epigenetics.

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This dissertation by Alberto Zenere focuses on the integration of epigenetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data to model biological processes. It proposes mathematical frameworks, such as elementary causal motifs and Bayesian networks, to capture causal interactions between chromatin openness, transcription factors, gene expression, splice variants, and protein synthesis. The study also explores conditional independence properties in data prediction. A network-based approach is used to identify regulatory patterns in DNA methylation and gene expression in multiple sclerosis patients during pregnancy. The work underscores the importance of integrating diverse high-throughput data for robust biological insights.

Epigenetics. --- Proteomics.

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This dissertation examines the genetic and epigenetic effects of domestication on chickens, specifically focusing on brain gene expression and DNA methylation. By comparing Red Junglefowl, the wild ancestors of domestic chickens, with domesticated White Leghorns, the study identifies significant differences in gene expression and DNA methylation patterns. The research investigates how selection for tameness influences morphological and physiological traits, such as fearfulness, brain size, and organ development. It demonstrates that selection for reduced fear in chickens leads to changes in gene expression related to reproduction, immunology, and social behaviors. The findings support the theory that behavioral selection can cause rapid genetic and epigenetic changes, facilitating the domestication process. This work provides insights into the genomic architecture underlying domestication and highlights the role of epigenetics in evolutionary adaptation.

Domestication. --- Epigenetics.