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During the early nineteenth century, schools for the deaf appeared in the United States for the first time. These schools were committed to the use of the sign language to educate deaf students. Manual education made the growth of the deaf community possible, for it gathered deaf people together in sizable numbers for the first time in American history. It also fueled the emergence of Deaf culture, as the schools became agents of cultural transformations. Just as the Deaf community began to be recognized as a minority culture, in the 1850's, a powerful movement arose to undo it, namely oral education. Advocates of oral education, deeply influenced by the writings of public school pioneer Horace Mann, argued that deaf students should stop signing and should start speaking in the hope that the Deaf community would be abandoned, and its language and culture would vanish. In this revisionist history, Words Made Flesh explores the educational battles of the nineteenth century from both hearing and deaf points of view. It places the growth of the Deaf community at the heart of the story of deaf education and explains how the unexpected emergence of Deafness provoked the pedagogical battles that dominated the field of deaf education in the nineteenth century, and still reverberate today.

Deaf --- Deaf culture --- Deaf-mutes --- Deaf people --- Deafness --- Hearing impaired --- Deafblind people --- Deaf subculture --- Subculture --- Social conditions --- History --- Education --- Patients --- Deaf culture. --- Education. --- Social conditions. --- 1800-1899. --- United States.

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Although it has been on the market for several decades, researchers have not yet depleted the
stock of public and academic controversies about the cochlear implant. Thanks to the
spontaneous testimonials delivered on the internet and the social networks, one learns that
beyond the physical effects it can provoke, the implantation of a "bionic ear" also have
significant psychological and social repercussions. Indeed, by studying these digital
testimonies entrusted by those concerned with this technological tool, this thesis aims at
understanding how does the cochlear implant contrib ute to the creation via the Internet of
communities aimed at supporting deaf patients. Conducted from a Science and Technology
Studies perspective, the discourse analysis enables to examine the arguments of the groups
formed around the cochlear implant. By doing so, this study clearly demonstrates that
cochlear implantation represents an extremely disturbing cosmopolitical event, that is, an
event that unbuttons the existence and acts as a pivot that projects individuals onto new life
trajectories. The dist urbances suffered are incommensurable. Originally grouped under the
aegis of the "deaf hard of hearing", most people affected by the diverse effects of the implant
are experiencing an unanticipated change of identity. Via the Internet, they are regrouping
under the new titles of "deaf implanted" or "resistant", each with its own rhetoric. These
observations lead to the conclusion that, by its very existence, the cochlear implant creates a
schism between the individuals while being at the origin of the emerg ence of unprecedented
communities based on modified identities.

Biosociality --- Cochlear implant --- Cosmopolitics --- STS --- Deaf culture --- Cosmoplotical event --- Droit, criminologie & sciences politiques > Sciences politiques, administration publique & relations internationales

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"A provocative and timely case for how the science of genetics can help create a more just and equal society. In recent years, scientists like Kathryn Paige Harden have shown that DNA makes us different, in our personalities and in our health-and in ways that matter for educational and economic success in our current society. In The Genetic Lottery, Harden introduces readers to the latest genetic science, dismantling dangerous ideas about racial superiority and challenging us to grapple with what equality really means in a world where people are born different. Weaving together personal stories with scientific evidence, Harden shows why our refusal to recognize the power of DNA perpetuates the myth of meritocracy, and argues that we must acknowledge the role of genetic luck if we are ever to create a fair society.Reclaiming genetic science from the legacy of eugenics, this groundbreaking book offers a bold new vision of society where everyone thrives, regardless of how one fares in the genetic lottery"--

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