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Humans and many other social animals decide, or learn when necessary, what to do in a given social situation by assessing a range of variables related to social states (e.g., competitive or cooperative), others’ overt behavior (e.g., response choices and outcomes), others’ covert mental states (e.g., beliefs, intentions and desires), and one’s own interpersonal inclination (e.g. other-regarding preferences and generosity). Recent studies in social neuroscience have begun to uncover how such social decision variables are processed, encoded, and integrated in the brain. The goal of the current Research Topic is to promote a better understanding of neural basis of social learning, social decision-making, and other-regarding preferences. This Research Topic welcomes original research articles, reviews, perspectives/opinions, as well as methods on this topic. We hope to represent recent research advances from neuroimaging, neurophysiological, neuropsychological, behavioural, as well as computational studies. The contributed papers will be accepted until the full article submission deadline on a rolling basis.
Social Change --- Sociology & Social History --- Social Sciences --- prosocial behavior --- competitive behavior --- oxytocin --- social gaze orienting --- social neuroscience
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Offers an answer regarding how to gain competitive advantage through people, as well as a human resource - psychological capital, or simply PsyCap. This book provides theory, research measurements, and methods of application for this resource of psychological capital, a resource that can be developed and sustained for competitive advantage.
Personnel management --- Industrial psychology --- Employee competitive behavior. --- Employee motivation. --- Employees --- Human capital --- Management --- Psychology. --- Psychological aspects. --- Psychologie du travail --- Gestion des ressources humaines
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Entrepreneurship --- Incentives in industry.. --- Government policy. --- Employee incentives --- Labor incentives --- Employee competitive behavior --- Employee morale --- Employee motivation --- Goal setting in personnel management --- Personnel management --- Entrepreneur --- Intrapreneur --- Capitalism --- Business incubators
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Si les études de genre utilisent abondamment les notions de discrimination ou d’inégalités, il est plus rare qu’elles abordent à proprement parler celle de compétition. Le présent volume aborde ce thème avec pour but de mettre en lumière la manière dont les périodes de forte compétition sociale influent sur la place et la redéfinition des attributs sexués, en même temps que l’importance relative donnée à ceux-ci dans les situations de rivalité ou de compétition. La dizaine de travaux rassemblés présentent une vaste enquête sur la notion de genre dans l'historiographie moderne et dans les sources de la fin de l'Antiquité et du haut Moyen Âge avant d'analyser des exemples venus aussi bien de l'archéologie que des chroniques ou de l'hagiographie, essentiellement en Gaule et en Italie. Les auteurs montrent comment genres et régimes de genre sont des outils et des produits des crises et des compétitions, aussi bien pour les hommes que pour les femmes de l'Occident altimédiéval.
Études sur le genre $y Moyen âge --- Gender --- Histoire sociale --- Social history --- Civilisation occidentale --- Civilization, Western --- History --- History. --- Competition (Psychology) --- Civilization, Medieval --- Medieval civilization --- Middle Ages --- Civilization --- Chivalry --- Renaissance --- Competitive behavior --- Competitiveness (Psychology) --- Conflict (Psychology) --- Interpersonal relations --- Motivation (Psychology) --- Études sur le genre --- Gender studies --- Études sur le genre
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Competition is deeply built into the structures of modern life. It can improve policies, products and services, but is also seen as a divisive burden that pits people against one another. This book seeks to go beyond such caricatures by advancing a new thesis about how competition came to shape our society. Jonathan Hearn argues that competition was 'domesticated', harnessed and institutionalised across a range of institutional spheres in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Responding to crises in traditional forms of authority (hereditary, religious), the formalisation of competition in the economy, politics, and diverse new forms of knowledge creation provided a new mode for legitimating distributions of power in the emerging liberal societies. This insightful study aims to improve our ability to think critically about competition, by better understanding its integral role, for good and ill, in how liberal forms of society work.
Competition --- Competition (Psychology) --- Social aspects. --- Competitive behavior --- Competitiveness (Psychology) --- Conflict (Psychology) --- Interpersonal relations --- Motivation (Psychology) --- Competition (Economics) --- Competitiveness (Economics) --- Economic competition --- Commerce --- Conglomerate corporations --- Covenants not to compete --- Industrial concentration --- Monopolies --- Open price system --- Supply and demand --- Trusts, Industrial --- Economic aspects
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Symbiosis is the fourth volume in the series Cellular Origin and Life in Extreme Habitats (COLE). Fifty experts, from over a dozen countries, review their current studies on different approaches to these phenomena. The chapters present various aspects of symbiosis from gene transfer, morphological features, and biodiversity to individual organisms sharing mutual cellular habitats. The origin of the eukaryotic phase is discussed with emphasis on cyanelles, H syntrophy, N2 fixation, and S-based symbiosis (as well as the origin of mitochondrion, chloroplast, and nucleus). All members of the three domains of life are presented for sharing symbiotic associations. This volume brings the concept of living together as `One plus One (plus One) equals One.' The purpose of this book is to introduce the teacher, researcher, scholar, and student as well as the open-minded and science-oriented reader to the global importance of this association.
Symbiosis --- Microbial Interactions --- Biological Processes --- Biological Phenomena --- Microbiological Processes --- Microbiological Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Ecology --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Microbial Concepts --- Microbial Phenomena --- Microbiologic Concepts --- Microbiological Phenomenon --- Microbiological Process --- Phenomena, Microbiologic --- Microbiologic Phenomena --- Concept, Microbial --- Concept, Microbiologic --- Concepts, Microbial --- Concepts, Microbiologic --- Microbial Concept --- Microbiologic Concept --- Phenomena, Microbial --- Phenomena, Microbiological --- Phenomenon, Microbiological --- Process, Microbiological --- Processes, Microbiological --- Dysbiosis --- Biologic Phenomena --- Biological Phenomenon --- Biological Process --- Phenomena, Biological --- Phenomena, Biologic --- Phenomenon, Biological --- Process, Biological --- Processes, Biological --- Competitive Behavior, Microbial --- Cooperative Behavior, Microbial --- Behavior, Microbial Competitive --- Behavior, Microbial Cooperative --- Behaviors, Microbial Competitive --- Behaviors, Microbial Cooperative --- Competitive Behaviors, Microbial --- Cooperative Behaviors, Microbial --- Interaction, Microbial --- Interactions, Microbial --- Microbial Competitive Behavior --- Microbial Competitive Behaviors --- Microbial Cooperative Behavior --- Microbial Cooperative Behaviors --- Microbial Interaction --- Biota --- Microbial Consortia --- Commensalism --- Mutualism --- Endosymbiosis --- Mycorrhizae --- Endophytes --- Symbiosis.
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Today's managers are facing challenges that stem from overseeing a workforce in foreign countries. The question arises how to compensate and motivate employees in different countries effectively and efficiently. Based on an empirical study among employees of a multinational corporation (MNC) in Germany and the USA, Marjaana Gunkel shows that the employees in these countries have different preferences regarding incentives and that incentive plans designed for one country are not always effective in others. Money is an important motivator in both countries, but the motivational effects of non-monetary rewards differ greatly. In addition, the author presents an explorative study of employee groups in China and Japan and gives advice for designing appropriate compensation schemes for employees of MNC in different countries.
Performance awards. --- Incentives in industry. --- Incentive awards --- Employee awards --- Employees --- Superior performance awards --- Employee recognition --- Awards --- Incentives in industry --- Employee incentives --- Labor incentives --- Employee competitive behavior --- Employee morale --- Employee motivation --- Goal setting in personnel management --- Personnel management --- Performance awards --- Leadership. --- Personnel management. --- Business Strategy/Leadership. --- Human Resource Management. --- Corporations --- Employment management --- Human resource management --- Human resources management --- Manpower utilization --- Personnel administration --- Management --- Public administration --- Employment practices liability insurance --- Supervision of employees --- Ability --- Command of troops --- Followership
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"Competitive video and computer game play is nothing new: the documentary King of Kong memorably portrays a Donkey Kong player's attempts to achieve the all-time highest score; the television show Starcade (1982--1984) featured competitions among arcade game players; and first-person shooter games of the 1990s became multiplayer through network play. A new development in the world of digital gaming, however, is the emergence of professional computer game play, complete with star players, team owners, tournaments, sponsorships, and spectators. In Raising the Stakes, T.L. Taylor explores the emerging scene of professional computer gaming and the accompanying efforts to make a sport out of this form of play. In the course of her explorations, Taylor travels to tournaments, including the World Cyber Games Grand Finals (which considers itself the computer gaming equivalent of the Olympics), and interviews participants from players to broadcasters. She examines pro-gaming, with its highly paid players, play-by-play broadcasts, and mass audience; discusses whether or not e-sports should even be considered sports; traces the player's path from amateur to professional (and how a hobby becomes work); and describes the importance of leagues, teams, owners, organizers, referees, sponsors, and fans in shaping the structure and culture of pro-gaming. Taylor connects professional computer gaming to broader issues: our notions of play, work, and sport; the nature of spectatorship; the influence of money on sports. And she examines the ongoing struggle over the gendered construction of play through the lens of male-dominated pro-gaming. Ultimately, the evolution of professional computer gaming illuminates the contemporary struggle to convert playful passions into serious play"--Publisher's description.
Computer games --- Sports --- Internet games --- Competition (Psychology) --- Social aspects --- Sociological aspects --- Psychological aspects --- Computer network resources --- Field sports --- Pastimes --- Recreations --- Recreation --- Athletics --- Games --- Outdoor life --- Physical education and training --- Competitive behavior --- Competitiveness (Psychology) --- Conflict (Psychology) --- Interpersonal relations --- Motivation (Psychology) --- Electronic games --- Motivation in sports --- Sport psychology --- Sports motivation --- Sports psychology --- Sports sciences --- Television games --- Videogames --- Competition (Psychology). --- Internet games. --- Social aspects. --- Computer network resources. --- Psychological aspects. --- SOCIAL SCIENCES/Media Studies --- CULTURAL STUDIES/Popular Culture --- GAME STUDIES/General --- Video games --- Video games.
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Social conflict --- Competition (Psychology) --- Cooperation --- Conflict management --- Compétition (Psychologie) --- Competitive Behavior. --- Problem, Social --- Problems, Social --- Social Problem --- Behavior, Competitive --- Behaviors, Competitive --- Competitive Behaviors --- Competition (Psychology). --- Competitive Behavior --- Conflict (Psychology) --- Cooperative Behavior --- Social Problems --- 316.6 --- 316.6 Gedragstheorie. Sociaal gedrag. Sociale psychologie --(gedrag en zelfconcept van het individu in de groep z.o. {159.923.33}) --- Gedragstheorie. Sociaal gedrag. Sociale psychologie --(gedrag en zelfconcept van het individu in de groep z.o. {159.923.33}) --- Class conflict --- Class struggle --- Conflict, Social --- Social tensions --- Interpersonal conflict --- Social psychology --- Sociology --- Conflict --- Conflicts --- Conflicts (Psychology) --- Dissent and Disputes --- Compliant Behavior --- Behavior, Compliant --- Behavior, Cooperative --- Behaviors, Compliant --- Behaviors, Cooperative --- Compliant Behaviors --- Cooperative Behaviors --- Collaborative economy --- Cooperative distribution --- Cooperative movement --- Distribution, Cooperative --- Peer-to-peer economy --- Sharing economy --- Economics --- Profit-sharing --- Conflict control --- Conflict resolution --- Dispute settlement --- Management of conflict --- Managing conflict --- Management --- Negotiation --- Problem solving --- Crisis management --- Competitive behavior --- Competitiveness (Psychology) --- Interpersonal relations --- Motivation (Psychology) --- Cooperative Behavior. --- Conflict management. --- Cooperation. --- Social conflict. --- Conflits sociaux --- Compétition (Psychologie) --- Coopération --- Gestion des conflits --- Conflict, Psychology --- Psychological Conflict --- Conflicts, Psychological --- Conflicts, Psychology --- Psychological Conflicts --- Labor Exploitation --- Social Exploitation --- Exploitation, Labor --- Exploitation, Social --- Exploitations, Labor --- Social Cohesion --- Cohesion, Social --- Cohesions, Social --- Social Cohesions
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Le paysage imaginaire français s'est profondément remodelé en une dizaine d'années avec l'arrivée massive des héros de la performance : battants, entrepreneurs, aventuriers, sportifs, chômeurs créant leur propre entreprise.
Ethnology. Cultural anthropology --- Sociology of culture --- France --- Competition (Psychology) --- Hero worship --- Performance --- Social values --- Compétition (Psychologie) --- Héros --- Rendement au travail --- Valeurs sociales --- Culte --- Corporate culture --- Performance. --- 316.7 --- -Performance --- #SBIB:316.7C140 --- Competence --- Work --- Culture, Corporate --- Institutional culture --- Organizational culture --- Corporations --- Organizational behavior --- Business anthropology --- Competitive behavior --- Competitiveness (Psychology) --- Conflict (Psychology) --- Interpersonal relations --- Motivation (Psychology) --- Cultuursociologie --(algemeen) --- Cultuursociologie: cultuur en globale samenlevingen --- Sociological aspects --- 316.7 Cultuursociologie --(algemeen) --- Compétition (Psychologie) --- Héros --- 310 --- sociologie --- Corporate culture - France. --- SOCIOLOGIE DES LOISIRS --- SPORTS --- HOOLIGANS --- SUPPORTERS --- EXTREMISME
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