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This book provides a broad spectrum of insights into the optical principle, resource, fabrication, nanoscience, and nanotechnology of noble metal. It also looks at the advanced implementation of noble metal in the field of nanoscale materials, catalysts and biosystem. This book is ideal not only for scientific researchers but also as a reference for professionals in material science, engineering, nonascience and plasmonics.
Precious metals. --- Bullion --- Noble metals --- Metals --- Mines and mineral resources --- Metals technology / metallurgy
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The use of copper, silver, gold and platinum in jewelry as a measure of wealth is well known. This book contains 19 chapters written by international authors on other uses and applications of noble and precious metals (copper, silver, gold, platinum, palladium, iridium, osmium, rhodium, ruthenium, and rhenium). The topics covered include surface-enhanced Raman scattering, quantum dots, synthesis and properties of nanostructures, and its applications in the diverse fields such as high-tech engineering, nanotechnology, catalysis, and biomedical applications. The basis for these applications is their high-free electron concentrations combined with high-temperature stability and corrosion resistance and methods developed for synthesizing nanostructures. Recent developments in all these areas with up-to-date references are emphasized.
Precious metals. --- Bullion --- Noble metals --- Metals --- Mines and mineral resources --- Physical Sciences --- Engineering and Technology --- Materials Science --- Metals and Nonmetals
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History of Europe --- anno 1600-1699 --- anno 1700-1799 --- Precious metals --- History --- America --- Europe --- Commerce --- -Precious metals --- -Balance of payments --- -Current account balance (International trade) --- International payments, Balance of --- Foreign exchange --- Terms of trade --- Balance of trade --- International liquidity --- Bullion --- Noble metals --- Metals --- Mines and mineral resources --- Americas --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- New World --- Western Hemisphere --- -History. --- Balance of payments --- History. --- -History --- Current account balance (International trade) --- Precious metals - America - History --- Precious metals - Europe - History --- America - Commerce - Europe - History --- Europe - Commerce - America - History --- Or --- Amerique du nord --- Achat --- Relations economiques exterieures --- 17e-18e siecles
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Precious metals --- Balance of payments --- Commerce --- History --- Netherlands --- -Balance of payments --- -Commerce --- -Precious metals --- -Bullion --- Noble metals --- Metals --- Mines and mineral resources --- Trade --- Economics --- Business --- Transportation --- Current account balance (International trade) --- International payments, Balance of --- Foreign exchange --- Terms of trade --- Balance of trade --- International liquidity --- -History. --- History. --- -History --- The Netherlands --- Pays-Bas --- Países Baixos --- Holland --- Spanish Netherlands --- Pays-Bas espagnols --- Austrian Netherlands --- Pays-Bas autrichiens --- Oostenrijkse Nederlanden --- Southern Netherlands --- Pays-Bas méridionaux --- Zuidelijke Nederlanden --- Niderlandy --- Belanda --- Nederland --- Koninkrijk der Nederlanden --- Reino dos Países Baixos --- Royaume des Pays-Bas --- Kingdom of the Netherlands --- Países Bajos --- Holanda --- Nederlân --- Hulanda --- Beulanda --- Niderland --- Niderlande --- هولندا --- مملكة هولندا --- Mamlakat Hūlandā --- Olanda --- Payis-Bâs --- Países Baxos --- Aynacha Jach'a Markanaka --- Nirlan --- Niderland Krallığı --- Kē-tē-kok --- Landa --- Kerajaan Landa --- Нидерландтар --- Niderlandtar --- Нидерландтар Короллеге --- Niderlandtar Korollege --- Нідэрланды --- Каралеўства Нідэрланды --- Karaleŭstva Nidėrlandy --- Nederlands --- Niadaland --- Holandija --- Kraljevina Holandija --- Izelvroioù --- Нидерландия --- Niderlandii︠a︡ --- Кралство Нидерландия --- Kralstvo Niderlandii︠a︡ --- Països Baixos --- Нидерландсем --- Niderlandsem --- Нидерландсен Патшалăхĕ --- Niderlandsen Patshalăkhĕ --- Nizozemsko --- Paesi Bassi --- Regnu di i Paesi Bassi --- Iseldiroedd --- Nederlandene --- Niederlande --- Kéyah Wóyahgo Siʼánígíí --- Nižozemska --- Kralojstwo Nederlandow --- Madalmaad --- Ολλανδία --- Ollandia --- Hollandia --- Κάτω Χώρες --- Katō Chōres --- Βασίλειο των Κάτω Χωρών --- Vasileio tōn Katō Chōrōn --- Nederlando --- Reĝlando Nederlando --- Paisis Bajus --- Herbehereak --- Herbehereetako Erresumaren --- هلند --- Huland --- Niðurlond --- Háland --- Paîs Bas --- Neerlande --- Ísiltír --- Ríocht na hÍsiltíre --- Çheer Injil --- Çheer y Vagheragh --- Reeriaght ny Çheer Injil --- Tìrean Ìsle --- Hò-làn --- Недерлендин Нутг --- Nederlendin Nutg --- 네덜란드 --- Nedŏllandŭ --- Hōlani --- Nederlandia --- Pais Basse --- Regno del Paises Basse --- Нидерландтæ --- Niderlandtæ --- Нидерландты Къаролад --- Niderlandty Kʺarolad --- Konungsríkið Holland --- הולנד --- Holand --- ממלכת ארצות השפלה --- Mamlekhet Artsot ha-Shefelah --- Walanda --- Hollandi --- Нидерландла --- Niderlandla --- Нидерландланы Королевствосу --- Niderlandlany Korolevstvosu --- Néderlandzkô --- Нидерланд --- Iseldiryow --- Ubuholandi --- Ubuhorandi --- Nederilande --- Нидерланддар --- Niderlanddar --- Uholanzi --- Ufalme wa Nchi za Chini --- Нидерландъяс --- Niderlandʺi︠a︡s --- Нидерландъяс Корольув --- Niderlandʺi︠a︡s Korolʹuv --- Peyiba --- Holenda --- Keyatiya Nederlandan --- Payises Bashos --- פאייסיס באשוס --- Nīderlandeja --- Batavia --- Regni Nederlandiarum --- Nīderlandes Karaliste --- Nyderlandai --- Nyderlandų Karalystė --- Paixi Basci --- Paes Bass --- Ulanda --- Holland Királyság --- Keninkryk fan 'e Nederlannen --- Reino di Hulanda --- Холандија --- Кралство Холандија --- Kralstvo Holandija --- Pajjiżi l-Baxxi --- Hōrana --- Недерлатт --- Nederlatt --- Оцязорксши Недерлатт --- Ot︠s︡i︠a︡zorksshi Nederlatt --- Нидерландын Вант Улс --- Niderlandyn Vant Uls --- Tlanitlālpan --- Huēyitlahtohcāyōtl in Tlanitlālpan --- Eben Eyong --- Nederlaand --- オランダ --- Oranda --- オランダ王国 --- Oranda Ōkoku --- Ulanna --- Nethiland --- Nederlande --- Holandska --- Bullion --- Holland (Kingdom) --- Batavian Republic --- United Provinces of the Netherlands --- Precious metals - History --- Balance of payments - History --- Commerce - History --- Precious metals - Netherlands - History --- Netherlands - Commerce - History
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Based on 19 high-quality articles, this Special Issue presents methods for further improving the currently achievable recycling rate, product quality in terms of focused elements, and approaches for the enhanced mobilization of lithium, graphite, and electrolyte components. In particular, the target of early-stage Li removal is a central point of various research approaches in the world, which has been reported, for example, under the names early-stage lithium recovery (ESLR process) with or without gaseous CO2 and supercritical CO2 leaching (COOL process). Furthermore, many more approaches are present in this Special Issue, ranging from robotic disassembly and the dismantling of Li‐ion batteries, or the optimization of various pyro‐ and hydrometallurgical as well as combined battery recycling processes for the treatment of conventional Li‐ion batteries, all the way to an evaluation of the recycling on an industrial level. In addition to the consideration of Li distribution in compounds of a Li2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-CaO system, Li recovery from battery slags is also discussed. The development of suitable recycling strategies of six new battery systems, such as all-solid-state batteries, but also lithium–sulfur batteries, is also taken into account here. Some of the articles also discuss the fact that battery recycling processes do not have to produce end products such as high-purity battery materials, but that the aim should be to find an “entry point” into existing, proven large-scale industrial processes. Participants in this Special Issue originate from 18 research institutions from eight countries.
Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Mining technology & engineering --- lead-acid battery recycling --- pyrite cinder treatment --- lead bullion --- sulfide matte --- SO2 emissions --- pilot plant --- environmental technologies --- waste treatment --- recycling --- spent lithium-ion batteries --- recycling chain --- process stages --- unit processes --- industrial recycling technologies --- mechanical treatment --- slag cleaning --- cobalt --- nickel --- manganese --- lithium-ion battery --- circular economy --- batteries --- reuse --- disassembly --- safety --- lithium minerals --- lithium slag characterization --- thermochemical modeling --- critical raw materials --- smelting --- lithium --- graphite --- mechanical processing --- pyrometallurgy --- thermal treatment --- pyrolysis --- hydrometallurgy --- precipitation --- oxalic acid --- mixed oxalate --- battery recycling --- lithium–sulfur batteries --- metallurgical recycling --- metal recovery --- recycling efficiency --- lithium-ion batteries --- all-solid-state batteries --- slag --- leaching --- dry digestion --- fractionation --- tubular centrifuge --- rotational speed control --- particle size analysis --- lithium iron phosphate --- LFP --- carbon black --- direct battery recycling --- recovery --- thermodynamic modeling --- engineered artificial minerals (EnAM) --- melt experiments --- PXRD --- EPMA --- manganese recovery --- solvent extraction --- D2EHPA --- factorial design of experiments --- lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) --- lithium removal --- phosphorous removal --- recovery of valuable metals --- carbonation --- lithium phase transformation --- autoclave --- supercritical CO2 --- X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) --- powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) --- electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) --- lithium recycling --- lithium batteries --- black mass --- LIB --- mechanical recycling processes --- battery generation --- solid state batteries --- robotic disassembly --- electric vehicle battery --- task planner --- n/a --- lithium-sulfur batteries
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