Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Biological samples are extremely complex molecular systems. Indeed, their molecular microstructure can be very intricate and heterogeneous. Thus, the analysis of such samples requires analytical techniques providing a high spatial resolution and information on the chemical composition at a molecular level. To this end, the use of multimodal imaging is a promising avenue as it may provide solutions to overcome the limitations of single techniques. The project is devoted to the investigation of multimodal molecular imaging combining vibrational spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, for the study of biological samples, which is of particular interest in the fields of life science, medicine and environment. We first investigated the fundamental desorption/ionisation processes taking place in Surface-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (SALDI-MS) using various nanoparticles as substrates and p-methoxybenzylpyridinium salt. The amount of detected ions and the observed survival yield in SALDI was found significantly different to what was observed in MALDI. SALDI led to more fragmentation than MALDI, which may complicate the interpretation of SALDI data. We also implemented classical Raman spectroscopy, Surface-Enhanced Raman spectroscopy, MALDI-MS and SALDI-MS imaging on two kinds of biological tissues: a model tissue of mouse brain and a bacterial biofilm. Critical experimental aspects, related to sample preparation, spectral data acquisition and data treatment leading to the generation of molecular images are discussed. Les échantillons biologiques sont des systèmes moléculaires extrêmement complexes. En effet, leur microstructure moléculaire peut être très complexe et hétérogène. Ainsi, l'analyse de tels échantillons nécessite l’utilisation de techniques d'analyse offrant une haute résolution spatiale et des informations sur la composition chimique au niveau moléculaire. Ainsi, l’utilisation de l’imagerie multimodale semble prometteuse dans la mesure où elle pourrait apporter des solutions pour surmonter les limites propres à une seule technique. Le projet est dédié à l’application de l'imagerie moléculaire multimodale, combinant spectroscopie vibrationnelle et spectrométrie de masse, pour l'étude d'échantillons biologiques, ce qui présente un intérêt particulier dans les domaines des sciences de la vie, de la médecine et de l'environnement. Nous avons d’abord étudié les processus fondamentaux de désorption/ionisation se déroulant en spectrométrie de masse par désorption/ionisation laser assistée par surface (SALDI-MS) en utilisant diverses nanoparticules comme substrats et un sel de p-méthoxybenzylpyridinium. La quantité d'ions détectés et le taux de survie des ions observés en SALDI sont significativement différents de ceux observés en MALDI. Les processus SALDI entrainent également plus de fragmentation qu’en MALDI, ce qui peut compliquer l'interprétation des données SALDI. Nous avons également utilisé l’imagerie par spectroscopie Raman classique, spectroscopie Raman exaltée de surface, MALDI-MS et SALDI-MS sur deux types de tissus biologiques: un tissu modèle de cerveau de souris et un biofilm bactérien. Les aspects expérimentaux critiques liés à la préparation des échantillons, à l’acquisition des données spectrales et au traitement des données conduisant à la génération d’images moléculaires sont discutés dans ce mémoire.

Raman Spectroscopy --- SERS --- MALDI-MS --- SALDI-MS --- Mass Spectrometry --- Nanoparticles --- Biofilms --- Biological samples --- Molecular imaging --- Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre > Chimie

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book provides readers with some examples of advanced applications of electron microscopy on organic and inorganic specimens, highlighting out how new original approaches could provide a deeper understanding of the properties of matter and how a transmission electron microscope is not only a microscope but also a flexible tool for tailoring experiments, properly suited, to the issue of interest.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Materials science --- scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) --- electron tomography (ET) --- sparse imaging --- inpainting reconstruction --- biological samples --- Trypanosoma brucei --- TEM --- in-line holography --- single particle imaging --- atomic resolution imaging --- radiation damage --- soft matter --- nanostructured drugs --- organic materials --- holography --- electron holography --- diffraction --- coherent diffraction imaging --- iterative phase retrieval --- biomolecules --- propionic acid --- autophagy --- mitophagy --- correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) --- amorphous silica --- powder diffraction --- transmission electron microscopy --- high-resolution --- spectroscopy --- electron diffraction --- electron pair distribution function --- magnetic nanoparticles --- magnetic hyperthermia --- EMCD --- EELS --- magnetism --- acceleration voltage --- scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) --- electron tomography (ET) --- sparse imaging --- inpainting reconstruction --- biological samples --- Trypanosoma brucei --- TEM --- in-line holography --- single particle imaging --- atomic resolution imaging --- radiation damage --- soft matter --- nanostructured drugs --- organic materials --- holography --- electron holography --- diffraction --- coherent diffraction imaging --- iterative phase retrieval --- biomolecules --- propionic acid --- autophagy --- mitophagy --- correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) --- amorphous silica --- powder diffraction --- transmission electron microscopy --- high-resolution --- spectroscopy --- electron diffraction --- electron pair distribution function --- magnetic nanoparticles --- magnetic hyperthermia --- EMCD --- EELS --- magnetism --- acceleration voltage

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Pharmaceuticals, due to their pseudo-persistence and biological activity as well as their extensive use in human and veterinary medicine, are a class of environmental contaminants that is of emerging concern. In contrast to some conventional pollutants, they are continuously delivered at low levels, which might give rise to toxicity even without high persistence rates. These chemicals are designed to have a specific physiological mode of action and to resist frequently inactivation before exerting their intended therapeutic effect. These features, among others, result in the bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals which are responsible for toxic effects in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. It is extremely important to know how to remove them from the environment and/or how to implement procedures or treatments resulting in their biological inactivation. Although great advances have been made in their detection in aquatic matrices, there remains limited analytical methodologies available for the trace analysis of target and non-target pharmaceuticals in matrices such as soils, sediments, or biota. There are still many gaps in the data on their fate and behavior in the environment as well as on their threats to ecological and human health. This book has included nine current research and three review articles in this field.

Research & information: general --- Environmental economics --- ifosfamide --- cyclophosphamide --- 5-fluorouracil --- cytostatic drug --- BDD anode --- electrochemical oxidation --- intermediates --- lincomycin --- monensin --- roxarsone --- migration --- residual --- toxicity --- pharmaceuticals --- endocrine disrupting compounds --- hydroponic cultivation --- determining target pollutants in plant materials --- municipal wastewater treatment plants --- ionic liquids --- green chemistry --- environmental and biological samples --- sample preparation --- determination of pharmaceuticals --- chromatographic methods --- electromigration techniques --- sulfamethoxazole --- antibiotic resistance genes --- sul genes --- bacterial community --- constructed wetlands --- environmental contaminants --- pharmaceuticals occurrence --- aquatic compartments --- soil --- poultry farms --- ultra-high performance liquid chromatography --- antibiotics, antibiotic resistance --- antibiotics --- wastewater --- sewage sludge --- risk assessment --- removal efficiency --- LC-MS/MS analysis --- Spirotox --- fluoxetine --- sertraline --- paroxetine --- mianserin --- pharmaceuticals in the environment --- wastewaters --- pharmaceutical residues --- conventional wastewater treatments --- solid phase extraction --- pharmaceuticals toxicity --- environmental risk assessment --- antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) --- antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) --- wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) --- activated sludge (AS) --- constructed wetlands (CWs) --- environmental pollution --- spread of resistance --- tetracyclines --- sulfonamides --- fate in the environment --- fate in WWTPs --- ecotoxicity --- antibiotic resistance --- development of methods --- ifosfamide --- cyclophosphamide --- 5-fluorouracil --- cytostatic drug --- BDD anode --- electrochemical oxidation --- intermediates --- lincomycin --- monensin --- roxarsone --- migration --- residual --- toxicity --- pharmaceuticals --- endocrine disrupting compounds --- hydroponic cultivation --- determining target pollutants in plant materials --- municipal wastewater treatment plants --- ionic liquids --- green chemistry --- environmental and biological samples --- sample preparation --- determination of pharmaceuticals --- chromatographic methods --- electromigration techniques --- sulfamethoxazole --- antibiotic resistance genes --- sul genes --- bacterial community --- constructed wetlands --- environmental contaminants --- pharmaceuticals occurrence --- aquatic compartments --- soil --- poultry farms --- ultra-high performance liquid chromatography --- antibiotics, antibiotic resistance --- antibiotics --- wastewater --- sewage sludge --- risk assessment --- removal efficiency --- LC-MS/MS analysis --- Spirotox --- fluoxetine --- sertraline --- paroxetine --- mianserin --- pharmaceuticals in the environment --- wastewaters --- pharmaceutical residues --- conventional wastewater treatments --- solid phase extraction --- pharmaceuticals toxicity --- environmental risk assessment --- antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) --- antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) --- wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) --- activated sludge (AS) --- constructed wetlands (CWs) --- environmental pollution --- spread of resistance --- tetracyclines --- sulfonamides --- fate in the environment --- fate in WWTPs --- ecotoxicity --- antibiotic resistance --- development of methods

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book will provide the most recent knowledge and advances in Sample Preparation Techniques for Separation Science. Everyone working in a laboratory must be familiar with the basis of these technologies, and they often involve elaborate and time-consuming procedures that can take up to 80% of the total analysis time. Sample preparation is an essential step in most of the analytical methods for environmental and biomedical analysis, since the target analytes are often not detected in their in-situ forms, or the results are distorted by interfering species. In the past decade, modern sample preparation techniques have aimed to comply with green analytical chemistry principles, leading to simplification, miniaturization, easy manipulation of the analytical devices, low costs, strong reduction or absence of toxic organic solvents, as well as low sample volume requirements.Modern Sample Preparation Approaches for Separation Science also provides an invaluable reference tool for analytical chemists in the chemical, biological, pharmaceutical, environmental, and forensic sciences.

caffeine and acetaminophen tracers --- solvent delivery with a moving pipette --- determination --- China herbal tea --- enrichment --- review --- on-line --- pectin --- nanocomposite --- Cassiae Semen --- environmental analysis --- pathogenic --- preconcentration --- nail --- liver --- extraction --- sample preparation --- hydrogel --- solid-phase extraction --- geological samples --- ionic liquids --- rice grains --- subzero-temperature assisted liquid–liquid extraction --- sugaring-out assisted liquid–liquid extraction --- poly (OMA-co-TRIM) monolithic column --- hormones --- vortex-synchronized matrix solid-phase dispersion --- trace analysis --- gas chromatography --- LC–MS/MS --- membrane-based microextraction --- gold --- antipsychotics --- in-line filter --- HPLC --- space instrumentation --- liquid chromatography --- biological samples --- vitamins --- polyvinyl alcohol --- in-tube SPME --- high-frequency heating --- UPLC-MS/MS --- oxylipins --- nucleic acid isolation --- non-anthocyanin polyphenol --- large volume --- barbiturates --- solvent front position extraction --- oligopeptides --- urine --- SPE --- whole blood --- anthraquinones --- flow rate --- chlorophenoxy acid herbicides --- amlodipine --- schizophrenic’ patients --- salting-out assisted liquid–liquid extraction --- automation --- sorbent --- whole water --- blueberry --- hydrophobic-solvent assisted liquid–liquid extraction --- crab shells --- miniaturization --- curie temperature --- sand --- UHPLC-MS/MS --- multi-spheres adsorptive micro-extraction (MSA?E) --- floating sampling technology --- protein precipitation --- pesticides residue --- sample preparation with TLC/HPTLC --- phenolic compounds --- response surface methodology --- vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction --- trapping system --- caffeine --- aflatoxins --- liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry --- pesticides --- organic-based monoliths --- matrix solid phase dispersion --- simultaneous determination --- pharmaceuticals --- sorbent-based techniques --- desirability function approach --- plasma samples --- environmental water matrices --- hydrophobic in-tube solid-phase microextraction --- liquid–liquid extraction