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This book describes the remarkable connections that exist between the classical differential geometry of surfaces and modern soliton theory. The authors also explore the extensive body of literature from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by such eminent geometers as Bianchi, Darboux, Bäcklund, and Eisenhart on transformations of privileged classes of surfaces which leave key geometric properties unchanged. Prominent amongst these are Bäcklund-Darboux transformations with their remarkable associated nonlinear superposition principles and importance in soliton theory. It is with these transformations and the links they afford between the classical differential geometry of surfaces and the nonlinear equations of soliton theory that the present text is concerned. In this geometric context, solitonic equations arise out of the Gauß-Mainardi-Codazzi equations for various types of surfaces that admit invariance under Bäcklund-Darboux transformations. This text is appropriate for use at a higher undergraduate or graduate level for applied mathematicians or mathematical physics.

Solitons. --- Bäcklund transformations. --- Darboux transformations. --- Transformations, Darboux --- Differential equations, Partial --- Transformations (Mathematics) --- Transformations, Bäcklund --- Pulses, Solitary wave --- Solitary wave pulses --- Wave pulses, Solitary --- Connections (Mathematics) --- Nonlinear theories --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Bäcklund transformations --- Darboux transformations --- Solitons --- 514.7 --- 517.9 --- 517.9 Differential equations. Integral equations. Other functional equations. Finite differences. Calculus of variations. Functional analysis --- Differential equations. Integral equations. Other functional equations. Finite differences. Calculus of variations. Functional analysis --- 514.7 Differential geometry. Algebraic and analytic methods in geometry --- Differential geometry. Algebraic and analytic methods in geometry --- Backlund transformations.