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Hydrocarbons --- Hydrocarbons --- Stress --- Stress --- Soil pollution --- Soil pollution --- Cell counting --- Cell counting --- starter cultures --- starter cultures --- Biodegradability --- Biodegradability

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Civil engineering, surveying & building --- Mechanical engineering & materials --- biodegradable polymers --- biodegradable composites --- biodegradability --- material characterization --- environmental sustainability --- recyclability --- biodegradable polymers --- biodegradable composites --- biodegradability --- material characterization --- environmental sustainability --- recyclability

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In recent years, there has been significant progress in biomass research as bio-based products are beneficial to the environment, energy-saving, and cost-saving if they are processed properly. The book collects the most state-of-the-art works related to the natural fiber composites in a Special Issue entitled “Natural Fiber Biocomposites”. These works address all the issues related the manufacturing of natural fiber composite products, from (1) raw materials, such as wood, flax fiber, and cellulose nanofiber; to the (2) raw material treatments, such as furfuryl alcohol pretreatment, ultrasonic vibration treatment (UVT), and extraction method for the resins; to the (3) process of the composites fabrication, such as thermo-hygro-mechanical densification; and to the (4) performance of the composites, including mechanical, moisture absorption, opacity, thermal, and biodegradability. Discussions on the adhesives/resins used in the natural fiber composites fabrication, such as dried distiller’s grains and solubles (DDGS), pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) press cakes (PPC), and lesquerella [Lesquerella fendleri (A. Gary) S. Watson] press cake (LPC), starch, and polylactic acid (PLA), are also part of the book. It is believed the technical information presented in this book will contribute to the development of the bio-based composites.

Research & information: general --- flexural properties --- panels --- by-products --- non-dietetic uses --- modulus of rupture --- modulus of elasticity --- nanofiber cellulose --- water hyacinth --- thermoplastic starch --- bionanocomposites --- ultrasonic vibration time --- density --- gas permeability --- thermal conductivity --- densification --- durability --- green composites --- cellulosic fibers --- water uptake --- biocomposite --- starch --- cellulose --- ultrasonication --- moisture absorption --- opacity --- mat porosity --- mat thermal conductivity --- fiber size --- hot-pressing process --- PLA --- flax --- thermoplastic composites --- mechanical properties --- biodegradability --- flexural properties --- panels --- by-products --- non-dietetic uses --- modulus of rupture --- modulus of elasticity --- nanofiber cellulose --- water hyacinth --- thermoplastic starch --- bionanocomposites --- ultrasonic vibration time --- density --- gas permeability --- thermal conductivity --- densification --- durability --- green composites --- cellulosic fibers --- water uptake --- biocomposite --- starch --- cellulose --- ultrasonication --- moisture absorption --- opacity --- mat porosity --- mat thermal conductivity --- fiber size --- hot-pressing process --- PLA --- flax --- thermoplastic composites --- mechanical properties --- biodegradability

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The bioeconomy initially focused on resource substitution, including the production of biomass from various resources; its conversion, fractionation, and processing by means of biotechnology; and chemistry and process engineering towards the production and marketing of food, feed, fuel, and fibre. Nevertheless, although resource substitution is still considered important, the emphasis has been recently shifted to the biotechnological innovation perspective of the bioeconomy, in terms that ensure environmental sustainability. It is estimated that around one-third of the food produced for human consumption is wasted throughout the world, posing not only a sustainability problem related to food security but also a significant environmental problem. Food waste streams, mainly derived from fruits and vegetables, cereals, oilseeds, meat, dairy, and fish processing, have unavoidably attracted the interest of the scientific community as an abundant reservoir of complex carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and functional compounds, which can be utilized as raw materials for added-value product formulations. This Special Issue focuses on innovative and emerging food and by-products processing methods for the sustainable transition to a bioeconomy era.

ash content --- sorghum milling waste --- lipids --- compost --- oleic acid --- microbial oil --- bioprocess development --- glucoamylase --- fatty acid methyl esters --- oleaginous yeast --- integrated biorefineries --- biorefineries --- hydrophobic substrates --- food processing --- hydrophilicity --- biodiesel --- films --- biodegradability --- clarified butter sediment waste --- submerged fungal fermentation --- blood plasma protein powder --- Morchella --- hydrogels --- heat-induced gelation --- sustainability --- bacterial cellulose --- bioprocesses --- circular economy --- olive waste --- prebiotics --- Rhodosporidium toruloides --- carotenoids --- waste valorization --- glucosamine --- food-processing --- size exclusion chromatography (SEC) --- bioeconomy --- food waste valorization --- whey proteins --- arabinoxylan --- Ostwald ripening --- emulsion --- emulsifier --- food biotechnology --- drying method --- polysaccharides --- food packaging --- texture --- lactose esters --- morel mushrooms --- circular-economy --- solid state fermentation --- bioactive compounds --- edible films --- hydrolysis --- Aspergillus awamori

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Bioenergy is renewable energy obtained from biomass—any organic material that has stored sunlight in the form of chemical energy. Biogas is among the biofuels that can be obtained from biomass resources, including biodegradable wastes like manure, sewage sludge, the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes, slaughterhouse waste, crop residues, and more recently lignocellulosic biomass and algae. Within the framework of the circular economy, biogas production from biodegradable waste is particularly interesting, as it helps to save resources while reducing environmental pollution. Besides, lignocellulosic biomass and algae do not compete for arable land with food crops (in contrast with energy crops). Hence, they constitute a novel source of biomass for bioenergy.Biogas plants may involve both high-tech and low-tech digesters, ranging from industrial-scale plants to small-scale farms and even households. They pose an alternative for decentralized bioenergy production in rural areas. Indeed, the biogas produced can be used in heaters, engines, combined heat and power units, and even cookstoves at the household level. Notwithstanding, digesters are considered to be a sustainable technology that can improve the living conditions of farmers by covering energy needs and boosting nutrient recycling. Thanks to their technical, socio-economic, and environmental benefits, rural biogas plants have been spreading around the world since the 1970s, with a large focus on farm-based systems and households. However, several challenges still need to be overcome in order to improve the technology and financial viability.

Technology: general issues --- Environmental science, engineering & technology --- Mixing --- optimised --- household digester --- Chinese dome digester (CDD) --- self-agitation --- blank --- mixing --- Chinese dome digester --- impeller mixed digester --- unstirred digester --- hydraulically mixed --- total solids (TS) concentration --- plug-flow reactor --- anaerobic digestion --- animal manures --- biogas --- unconfined gas injection mixing --- mixing recirculation --- biomethane potential tests --- Italy --- manure --- energy crops --- agriculture residues --- digestate --- biochemical methane potential --- micro-aeration --- iron --- bioenergy --- H2S scrubber --- methane --- fermentation --- dairy --- poultry --- absorbent --- ammonia --- inhibition --- acclimatization --- trace elements --- anaerobic treatment --- energy assessment --- rural sanitation --- sludge --- wastewater --- agricultural runoff --- biomethane --- biorefinery --- microalgae --- photobioreactor --- pretreatment --- low cost digester --- psychrophilic anaerobic digestion --- thermal behavior --- anaerobic co-digestion --- slaughterhouse wastewater --- synergistic effects --- kinetic modeling --- biodegradability --- Mixing --- optimised --- household digester --- Chinese dome digester (CDD) --- self-agitation --- blank --- mixing --- Chinese dome digester --- impeller mixed digester --- unstirred digester --- hydraulically mixed --- total solids (TS) concentration --- plug-flow reactor --- anaerobic digestion --- animal manures --- biogas --- unconfined gas injection mixing --- mixing recirculation --- biomethane potential tests --- Italy --- manure --- energy crops --- agriculture residues --- digestate --- biochemical methane potential --- micro-aeration --- iron --- bioenergy --- H2S scrubber --- methane --- fermentation --- dairy --- poultry --- absorbent --- ammonia --- inhibition --- acclimatization --- trace elements --- anaerobic treatment --- energy assessment --- rural sanitation --- sludge --- wastewater --- agricultural runoff --- biomethane --- biorefinery --- microalgae --- photobioreactor --- pretreatment --- low cost digester --- psychrophilic anaerobic digestion --- thermal behavior --- anaerobic co-digestion --- slaughterhouse wastewater --- synergistic effects --- kinetic modeling --- biodegradability