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Based on newly available and extensive archival evidence, this book traces the history of international news agencies and associations around the world from 1848 to 1947. Jonathan Silberstein-Loeb argues that newspaper publishers formed news associations and patronized news agencies to cut the costs of news collection and exclude competitors from gaining access to the news. In this way, cooperation facilitated the distribution of news. The extent to which state regulation permitted cooperation, or prohibited exclusivity, determined the benefit newspaper publishers derived from these organizations. This book revises our understanding of the operation and organization of the Associated Press, the BBC, the Press Association, Reuters, and the United Press. It also sheds light on the history of competition policy respecting the press, intellectual property, and the regulation of telecommunications.

Agences de presse --- Presse --- News agencies --- Foreign news --- Press law --- Histoire --- Droit --- History. --- Associated press --- Reuters --- Associated Press --- Press Association (Great Britain) --- Reuters Limited --- Histoire. --- Flow of news, International --- International flow of news --- International news --- News, Foreign --- News flow, International --- World news --- Journalism --- Press --- News-gathering organizations --- News services --- News wire services --- Wire services --- Newspapers --- History --- Reuters ltd. --- Reuter's Agency --- Reuters News Agency --- PA (Great Britain) --- AP --- A.P. --- New England Associated Press

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An essential guide to recognizing bogus numbers and misleading dataNumbers are often intimidating, confusing, and even deliberately deceptive-especially when they are really big. The media loves to report on millions, billions, and trillions, but frequently makes basic mistakes or presents such numbers in misleading ways. And misunderstanding numbers can have serious consequences, since they can deceive us in many of our most important decisions, including how to vote, what to buy, and whether to make a financial investment. In this short, accessible, enlightening, and entertaining book, leading computer scientist Brian Kernighan teaches anyone-even diehard math-phobes-how to demystify the numbers that assault us every day.With examples drawn from a rich variety of sources, including journalism, advertising, and politics, Kernighan demonstrates how numbers can mislead and misrepresent. In chapters covering big numbers, units, dimensions, and more, he lays bare everything from deceptive graphs to speciously precise numbers. And he shows how anyone-using a few basic ideas and lots of shortcuts-can easily learn to recognize common mistakes, determine whether numbers are credible, and make their own sensible estimates when needed.Giving you the simple tools you need to avoid being fooled by dubious numbers, Millions, Billions, Zillions is an essential survival guide for a world drowning in big-and often bad-data.

Numbers, Complex. --- Data mining. --- Algorithmic knowledge discovery --- Factual data analysis --- KDD (Information retrieval) --- Knowledge discovery in data --- Knowledge discovery in databases --- Mining, Data --- Database searching --- Complex numbers --- Imaginary quantities --- Quantities, Imaginary --- Algebra, Universal --- Quaternions --- Vector analysis --- A picture is worth a thousand words. --- AARP. --- American Medical Association. --- Approximation. --- Arithmetic mean. --- Arithmetic. --- Associated Press. --- Baby boomers. --- Back-of-the-envelope calculation. --- Barrel (unit). --- Birth rate. --- Blogger (service). --- Body surface area. --- Breast cancer. --- Calculation. --- Celsius. --- Centenarian. --- Computation. --- Consumer Reports. --- Corporate tax. --- Correlation does not imply causation. --- Daniel Kahneman. --- Darrell Huff. --- Dilbert. --- Dot-com bubble. --- Economics. --- Edward Tufte. --- Error. --- Estimation. --- Exabyte. --- Exponential growth. --- FLOPS. --- Factoid. --- Fermi problem. --- Gigabyte. --- Half Gone. --- Headline. --- Hectare. --- Home computer. --- How to Lie with Statistics. --- Hulu. --- Identity theft. --- Inception. --- Inflation. --- Innumeracy (book). --- Jeff Bezos. --- John Maynard Keynes. --- Just in case. --- Kilobit. --- Kilogram. --- Life expectancy. --- Little's law. --- Millionth. --- Mortality rate. --- My Local. --- Naomi Wolf. --- National Rifle Association. --- Net worth. --- Newspaper. --- Newsweek. --- Nobel Prize. --- Order of magnitude. --- Outright. --- Percentage point. --- Percentage. --- Petabit. --- Petabyte. --- Population growth. --- Pound sterling. --- Power of 10. --- Quadrillion. --- Quantity. --- Ranking (information retrieval). --- Result. --- Round number. --- Rule of 72. --- Sampling bias. --- School bus. --- Scientific notation. --- Square foot. --- Square yard. --- Strategic Petroleum Reserve (United States). --- Tax cut. --- Tax. --- Technology. --- Terabit. --- The Beauty Myth. --- The Colbert Report. --- The New York Times. --- The Wisdom of Crowds. --- The World's Billionaires. --- U.S. News & World Report. --- Ultra-high-definition television. --- Unemployment. --- W. E. B. Du Bois. --- Warren Buffett. --- With high probability. --- Year. --- Your Computer (British magazine). --- Zettabyte. --- Mathematics --- Mathematics in mass media --- Critical thinking --- Statistics --- Big data --- Million (The number) --- Billion (The number) --- Evaluation --- Methodology