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The philosophical and philological study of Aristotle fragments and lost works has fallen somewhat into the background since the 1960’s. This is regrettable considering the different and innovative directions the study of Aristotle has taken in the last decades. This collection of new peer-reviewed essays applies the latest developments and trends of analysis, criticism, and methodology to the study of Aristotle’s fragments. The individual essays use the fragments as tools of interpretation, shed new light on different areas of Aristotle philosophy, and lay bridges between Aristotle’s lost and extant works. The first part shows how Aristotle frames parts of his own understanding of Philosophy in his published, 'popular' work. The second part deals with issues of philosophical interpretation in Aristotle’s extant works which can be illuminated by fragments of his lost works. The philosophical issues treated in this section range from Theology to Natural Science, Psychology, Politics, and Poetics. As a whole, the book articulates a new approach to Aristotle’s lost works, by providing a reassessment and new methodological explorations of the fragments.
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Aristotle --- Aristotle.
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Plato. --- Aristotle --- Aristotle.
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On the basis of careful textual exegesis and philosophical analysis, and contrary to the received view, Mark R. Wheeler demonstrates that Aristotle presents and systematically explicates his definition of the essence of the truth in the Metaphysics. Aristotle states the nominal definitions of the terms "truth" and "falsehood" as part of his arguments in defense of the logical axioms. These nominal definitions express conceptions of truth and falsehood his philosophical opponents would have recognized and accepted in the context of dialectical argument. On the basis of these nominal definitions, Aristotle develops his definitions of the essences of truth and falsehood--his "real" definitions of truth and falsehood. Aristotle's methodical exposition of his essential definitions of truth and falsehood in the Metaphysics serves as a well-developed example of how his philosophical inquiry starts with nominal definitions and ends with real definitions. Wheeler also argues for the novel claim that Aristotle defines the most fundamental kind of truth in terms of accurate measurement. Aristotle's metrical conception of truth serves as the theoretical basis for specifying the truth conditions of various assertions, for identifying the sorts of beings implicated in these truth conditions, and for explaining the nature of approximate truth and falsehood. Far from offering us a minimal account of truth, Wheeler shows how Aristotle offers us a sophisticated and metrical theory of truth.
Truth. --- Aristotle. --- Metaphysics --- Aristotle
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Aristoteles' Ethik gipfelt bekanntlich in der Lehre, dass das vollkommene Glück in der betrachtenden oder kontemplativen Lebensform ('bios theoretikos') besteht. In diesem kognitiven Vollzug zeigt sich der Mensch als mit der an Seligkeit herausragenden Tätigkeit Gottes am nächsten verwandt. Auch wenn der Begriff der Kontemplation ('theoria') sowohl für Aristoteles' Glückskonzeption als auch für seine Gotteslehre eine zentrale Rolle spielt, so ist es alles andere als klar, was genau mit diesem Begriff gemeint ist: Worin genau besteht dieser kognitive Vollzug und was ist sein Gegenstand? Steht diese Tätigkeit überhaupt noch in einem Zusammenhang mit der Natur des Menschen? Vollziehen Gott und Mensch dieselbe Art von theoria nur in einem unterschiedlichen zeitlichen Ausmaß oder ist der Unterschied tiefgreifender? Die vorliegende Abhandlung unterzieht diesen für Aristoteles' Ethik und philosophische Theologie zentralen Begriff einer grundlegenden Analyse.
Contemplation --- Aristotle --- Aristotle - Nicomachean ethics --- Aristotle - Metaphysics
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