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Animal mechanics --- Human mechanics --- Movement --- Mécanique humaine --- Mécanique animale --- Périodiques. --- Movements --- Animal movements (Physiology) --- Body mechanics, Animal --- Movements of animals (Physiology) --- Body mechanics, Human --- Human biomechanics --- Human movements --- Movements, Human --- Motion --- Biomechanics --- Physiology --- Human physiology --- Physical anthropology --- Kinesiology

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• Motivation It is our dream to understand the principles of animals’ remarkable ability for adaptive motion and to transfer such abilities to a robot. Up to now, mechanisms for generation and control of stereotyped motions and adaptive motions in well-known simple environments have been formulated to some extentandsuccessfullyappliedtorobots.However,principlesofadaptationto variousenvironmentshavenotyetbeenclari?ed,andautonomousadaptation remains unsolved as a seriously di?cult problem in robotics. Apparently, the ability of animals and robots to adapt in a real world cannot be explained or realized by one single function in a control system and mechanism. That is, adaptation in motion is induced at every level from thecentralnervoussystemtothemusculoskeletalsystem.Thus,weorganized the International Symposium on Adaptive Motion in Animals and Machines(AMAM)forscientistsandengineersconcernedwithadaptation onvariouslevelstobebroughttogethertodiscussprinciplesateachleveland to investigate principles governing total systems. • History AMAM started in Montreal (Canada) in August 2000. It was organized by H. Kimura (Japan), H. Witte (Germany), G. Taga (Japan), and K. Osuka (Japan), who had agreed that having a small symposium on motion control, with people from several ?elds coming together to discuss speci?c issues, was worthwhile. Those four organizing committee members determined the scope of AMAM as follows.

Robots --- Adaptive control systems --- Animal mechanics --- Motion --- Control systems --- Animal movements (Physiology) --- Body mechanics, Animal --- Movements of animals (Physiology) --- Biomechanics --- Physiology --- Automata --- Automatons --- Manipulators (Mechanism) --- Robotics --- Mecha (Vehicles) --- Information Technology --- Artificial Intelligence --- Artificial intelligence. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers

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The physical principles of swimming and flying in animals are intriguingly different from those of ships and airplanes. The study of animal locomotion therefore holds a special place not only at the frontiers of pure fluid dynamics research, but also in the applied field of biomimetics, which aims to emulate salient aspects of the performance and function of living organisms. For example, fluid dynamic loads are so significant for swimming fish that they are expected to have developed efficient flow control procedures through the evolutionary process of adaptation by natural selection, which might in turn be applied to the design of robotic swimmers. And yet, sharply contrasting views as to the energetic efficiency of oscillatory propulsion – especially for marine animals – demand a careful assessment of the forces and energy expended at realistic Reynolds numbers. For this and many other research questions, an experimental approach is often the most appropriate methodology. This holds as much for flying animals as it does for swimming ones, and similar experimental challenges apply – studying tethered as opposed to free locomotion, or studying the flow around robotic models as opposed to real animals. This book provides a wide-ranging snapshot of the state-of-the-art in experimental research on the physics of swimming and flying animals. The resulting picture reflects not only upon the questions that are of interest in current pure and applied research, but also upon the experimental techniques that are available to answer them.

Animal flight. --- Animal locomotion. --- Animal swimming. --- Biophysics. --- Hydrodynamics. --- Animal swimming --- Animal flight --- Animal locomotion --- Hydrodynamics --- Biophysics --- Animal mechanics --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Applied Mathematics --- Applied Physics --- Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Animal mechanics. --- Animal movements (Physiology) --- Body mechanics, Animal --- Movements of animals (Physiology) --- Animal running --- Animal walking --- Running, Animal --- Walking, Animal --- Physics. --- Fluids. --- Biological physics. --- Fluid mechanics. --- Fluid- and Aerodynamics. --- Engineering Fluid Dynamics. --- Biophysics and Biological Physics. --- Biomechanics --- Locomotion --- Hydraulic engineering. --- Biological and Medical Physics, Biophysics. --- Engineering, Hydraulic --- Engineering --- Fluid mechanics --- Hydraulics --- Shore protection --- Biological physics --- Biology --- Medical sciences --- Physics --- Hydromechanics --- Continuum mechanics --- Mechanics --- Hydrostatics --- Permeability

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77 --- Animal locomotion --- Animal mechanics --- Art and photography --- Chronophotography --- Human locomotion --- Human mechanics --- #SBIB:309H122 --- #SBIB:309H1313 --- Body mechanics, Human --- Human biomechanics --- Human movements --- Movements, Human --- Human physiology --- Physical anthropology --- Kinesiology --- Locomotion --- Photography, Time-lapse --- Time lapse photography --- Photography --- Sequence photography --- Photography and art --- Animal movements (Physiology) --- Body mechanics, Animal --- Movements of animals (Physiology) --- Biomechanics --- Physiology --- Animal running --- Animal walking --- Running, Animal --- Walking, Animal --- Fotografie --- Fotogrammen: functies, genres, historiek --- Geschiedenis en/of organisatie van het filmwezen: algemeen en per land (met inbegrip van de rol van het filmwezen in de ontwikkelingsproblematiek) --- Marey, Etienne-Jules --- 77 Fotografie --- Marey, J.-E. --- Marey, Etienne-Jules, --- Marey, E. J. --- Marey, Étienne-Jules --- Marey (etienne jules), médecin, physiologiste et inventeur français, 1830-1904