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Ancient philosophers --- Philosophers, Ancient.

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"In 1970, introducing his Roman Farming, K.D. White justly lamented the lack of attention being paid to Greco-Roman agriculture. Nearly fifty years later, he would presumably be quite pleased with how the field has developed. Beginning in the 1970s (and no doubt in part due to White's own work) there has been steady growth in the number of monographs and articles on aspects of Greek and Roman agriculture as well as new commentaries on, and translations of, the most important ancient texts. Furthermore, instead of a largely text-driven approach, ancient agricultural history now employs an array of archaeological evidence (e.g., botanical and faunal remains) and methodologies (e.g., field survey, isotopic analysis). Students of the agricultural history of ancient Italy, to cite one regional example, now have new editions, translations, and commentaries on the fundamental literary texts (e.g., Goujard 1975 for Cato's De agricultura and Heurgon 1978 on Varro's Res rusticae), monographs edited volumes, and articles putting those writers' works and lives into the broader context of Republican history (e.g., Reay 2005 and many of the chapters in Becker and Terrenato 2012) and literature (e.g., Kronenberg 2009). Archaeologists have published the results of fields surveys, new excavations of rural sites (including exciting recent work on small, non-elite sites by the Roman Peasant Project, Ghisleni et al. 2011), a synthesis of the survey data (Laurano 2011), a catalogue of the villas in central Italy (Marzano 2007), and important overviews (e.g., Forni and Marcone 2002). In the Greek world, archaeological survey in particular has spawned a generation of multidiciplinary studies on the interactions between lanscape and people, between rural and urban (Halstead and Frederick 2000; Adam-Veleni, Poulaki and Tzanavari 2003; Alcock and Cherry 2004; Bresson 2016). What accounts for this astonishing development in what many outsiders probably regard as a fairly dry subject? Undoubtedly one cause is the increased interest in the ancient economy. Since ancient economies were overwhelmingly agricultural, the farming sector demands serious attention. Environmental and demographic research as well as growing interest in foodways have also prompted more work on rural life in antiquity. Efforts to better estimate the population of Roman Italy have led, for example, to interest in the land's carrying capacity and thus more attention to issues of agricultural yields (on modeling Roman production, see Goodchild 2013; for Seleukid Mesopotamia, see Jursa 2010). The need to take stock of all these developments inspired us to develop this Companion which we hope offers an entrée into a field now so rich in research as to be perhaps somewhat intimidating"

Agriculture, Ancient. --- Agriculture, Ancient

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Ethics, Ancient. --- Ancient ethics

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This Companion provides a comprehensive guide to ancient logic. The first part charts its chronological development, focussing especially on the Greek tradition, and discusses its two main systems: Aristotle's logic of terms and the Stoic logic of propositions. The second part explores the key concepts at the heart of the ancient logical systems: truth, definition, terms, propositions, syllogisms, demonstrations, modality and fallacy. The systematic discussion of these concepts allows the reader to engage with some specific logical and exegetical issues and to appreciate their transformations across different philosophical traditions. The intersections between logic, mathematics and rhetoric are also explored. The third part of the volume discusses the reception and influence of ancient logic in the history of philosophy and its significance for philosophy in our own times. Comprehensive coverage, chapters by leading international scholars and a critical overview of the recent literature in the field will make this volume essential for students and scholars of ancient logic.

Logic, Ancient --- Logic, Ancient.

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"The Treatise on Laws is undoubtedly intended for a really practicable, if not a really existing State. In discussing, however, the primary principles of legislation, the author takes a very wide range, occupying far more time in what he styles the preambles, or recommendatory reasonings about the laws, than in the laws themselves. Hence there are but few points in the Platonic philosophy and ethics, as exhibited in the other dialogues, but what have some representative here. We find the same questions started respecting the nature and origin of virtue--that is, whether the virtues are all so essentially connected that one cannot exist without the others. We find the same views in regard to the end and origin of law--the importance in all things of looking to the idea. There is the same reverence for antiquity and ancient myths' the same disposition to regard religion as the beginning and foundation of every system of civil polity, and the same method of representing the ideas of a God, of his goodness, his providence, of a present and future retribution, as lying at the foundation of all morals and all religion. Even in the departments of psychology and ontology we find many things in The Laws which remind us of the author of the Pheedon, the Parmenides, and the Thesetetus. The favourite doctrines and methods of reasoning contained in the Gorgias are exhibited everywhere; and perhaps there is no other part of Plato's works more in the style and spirit of the Timseus than this very tenth book of The Laws, which we have selected as the ground of our comments in the present work"--Introduction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved).

Philosophy, Ancient. --- Ancient philosophy.