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"The Protestant Reformation began in Germany in 1517, and the adoption of Lutheranism was the decisive impetus for literary development in Finland. As the Reformation required the use of the vernacular in services and ecclesiastical ceremonies, new manuals and biblical translations were needed urgently. The first Finnish books were produced by Mikael Agricola. He was born an ordinary son of a farmer, but his dedication to his studies opened up the road to leading roles in the Finnish Church. He was able to bring a total of nine works in Finnish to print, which became the foundation of literary Finnish. The first chapter outlines the historical background necessary to understand the life's work of Mikael Agricola. The second chapter describes Agricola's life. Chapter three presents the Finnish works published by Agricola. The fourth chapter is a depiction of Agricola's Finnish. Agricola carried out his life's work as part of a network of influential connections, which is described in chapter five. The sixth chapter examines the importance of Agricola's work, research on Agricola and Agricola's role in contemporary Finnish culture. The book mainly focuses on language and cultural history, but in terms of Church history, it also provides a review on the progression and arrival of the Reformation to Finland. Finnish is a Uralic language but the source languages of Agricola's translations - Latin, German, Swedish and Greek - were all Indo-European languages. Thus, the oldest Finnish texts were strongly influenced by foreign elements and structures. Some of those features were later eliminated whereas others became essential constituents of standard Finnish. To illustrate this development, the Finnish in Agricola's works has systematically been compared with the standard contemporary language."

Finnish language --- Standardization. --- History. --- Agricola, Mikael, --- Baltic-Finnic languages --- Agricola, Makail, --- Agricola, Michael, --- Agricola, Michael Olavi,

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Cornelius Tacitus, Rome's greatest historian, was inspired to take up his pen when the assassination of Domitian ended `fifteen years of enforced silence'. Agricola is the biography of his late father-in-law and an account of Roman Britain. Germania gives insight into Rome's most dangerous enemies, the Germans, and is the only surviving specimen from the ancient world of an ethnographic study. Each in its way has had immense influence on our perception of Romeand the northern `barbarians' and the edition reflects recent research in Roman-British and Roman-German history. - ;`Long may the barba

Statesmen --- Germanic peoples. --- Germanic tribes --- Ethnology --- Indo-Europeans --- Teutonic race --- Agricola, Gnaeus Julius, --- Agricola, Cn. Julius, --- Agricola, Julius, --- Agricola, Cn. Julius --- Agricola,

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094 AGRICOLA, RUDOLPHUS --- Authors, Latin (Medieval and modern) --- -Humanists --- -Scholars --- Oude en merkwaardige drukken. Kostbare en zeldzame boeken. Preciosa en rariora--AGRICOLA, RUDOLPHUS --- Biography --- -Exhibitions --- Agricola, Rodolphus --- Groningen (Netherlands) --- -Intellectual life --- Exhibitions --- -Oude en merkwaardige drukken. Kostbare en zeldzame boeken. Preciosa en rariora--AGRICOLA, RUDOLPHUS --- 094 AGRICOLA, RUDOLPHUS Oude en merkwaardige drukken. Kostbare en zeldzame boeken. Preciosa en rariora--AGRICOLA, RUDOLPHUS --- -Agricola, Rudolf --- Huisman, Roelof --- Huisman, Rudolf --- Huysman, Roelof --- -094 AGRICOLA, RUDOLPHUS Oude en merkwaardige drukken. Kostbare en zeldzame boeken. Preciosa en rariora--AGRICOLA, RUDOLPHUS --- -Groningue (Netherlands) --- Intellectual life --- Humanists --- Latin authors (Medieval and modern) --- Scholars --- Biography&delete& --- Agricola, Rodolphus, --- Agricola, R. --- Agricola, Rudolf, --- Huusman, Roelof, --- Huisman, Roelof, --- Huysman, Roelof, --- Agricola, Rudolph, --- Agricola, Rodulphus, --- Huesman, Roelof, --- Exhibitions. --- Groningue (Netherlands) --- Agricola, Rudolf --- Huusman, Roelo --- Huisman, Roelo --- Huysman, Roelo --- Agricola, Rudolp --- Agricola, Rudol --- Agricola, Rodolphu --- Agricola, Rodulphu --- Huesman, Roelo --- Agricola, Rudolphus --- Agricola (rudolph) --- Humanistes --- Expositions

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Este livro, que teve a sua primeira edição em 1977, propõe a síntese final dos estudos que se reportam aos modos e meios de agir sobre a terra e as suas produções, num quadro de vida rural anterior às inovações técnicas e tecnológicas traduzidas pela introdução de equipamentos e maquinarias industriais. Reeditá-lo hoje é reafirmar a sua importância intrínseca de estudo etnológico de grande relevância para a análise comparada no contexto europeu em que investigações semelhantes foram produzidas. Mas, com a passagem do tempo e as profundas transformações ocorridas na sociedade rural portuguesa, julgamos que esta obra adquire uma nova dimensão e perspectiva, pois é já enquanto documento do passado que ela vai ajudar a fazer a história e a melhor perceber os homens e as suas relações, numa sociedade agora evanescente.

History --- cultura popular --- Portugal --- tecnologia tradicional --- utensílio agrícola

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Agricultural industries --- Industries agricoles --- Industria agrícola --- Management --- Gestion --- Gestión