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Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) is one of the most important developments in modern European politics. Building on two decades of monetary integration it transfers monetary policy, a core function of the modern state, to an independent European Central Bank (ECB) and limits member states' fiscal policy discretion. The ECB insists that growth and employment depend on 'flexibilizing' Europe's labor markets through deep reforms of the social policies and employment relations which comprise the 'European social model'. Member states retain authority over these areas at the heart of national politics, but how will EMU affect the domestic politics of institutional change? Will EMU reinforce de-regulation and retrenchment or will it facilitate reforms that maintain the protections against economic insecurity, inequality, and unilateral employer power the European model has provided? To address these questions, a transatlantic team of leading experts analyzes the evolving tensions between monetary integration and national social policies.

Euro --- Euro. --- Monetary unions --- Euro (Monnaie) --- Unions monétaires --- European Union countries --- Pays de l'Union européenne --- Social policy. --- Politique sociale --- #SBIB:327.7H231 --- 334.151.1 --- 334.151.20 --- 334.151.21 --- 334.151.50 --- EEC / European Union - EU -Europese Unie - Union Européenne - UE --- -332.494 --- Common currencies --- Currency areas --- Currency unions --- Optimum currency areas --- Currency question --- Money --- Europese Unie: sociaal-economisch beleid, landbouw-, milieu-, cultuur- en communicatiebeleid --- EG : economisch en monetair beleid. --- Economische en monetaire unie van de Europese Gemeenschappen: algemeenheden. --- Europese centrale bank. ESCB. Centrale banken. --- Sociaal beleid : algemeenheden. --- -EU countries --- Euroland --- Europe --- Social policy --- -Social policy --- Unions monétaires --- Pays de l'Union européenne --- 332.494 --- EG : economisch en monetair beleid --- Economische en monetaire unie van de Europese Gemeenschappen: algemeenheden --- Europese centrale bank. ESCB. Centrale banken --- Sociaal beleid : algemeenheden --- Social Sciences --- Political Science

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Proper conduct of monetary policy requires understanding the monetary transmission mechanism, to monitor the economy, make decisions on the stance of policy, and explain the policy actions to the public. Hence, gathering evidence on the monetary transmission mechanism in the euro area has been a priority for the Eurosystem. This 2003 book presents the results of a multi-year collaborative project conducted by the European Central Bank and the other Eurosystem central banks. First, macro data are consistently investigated with both VARs and structural models for the area as a whole and for individual countries. Second, the book contains an unprecedented set of studies on the effects of monetary policy using bank and firm panel data. The results described in country case studies and overview essays by central bank economists, along with a discussion chapter by eminent academics, provide an essential contribution to research on the subject.

Euro. --- Monetary policy --- Transmission mechanism (Monetary policy). --- EEC / European Union - EU -Europese Unie - Union Européenne - UE --- 334.151.1 --- 334.151.20 --- 334.151.21 --- -Transmission mechanism (Monetary policy) --- Euro --- 332.494 --- Ue5.g --- Money --- Monetary transmission mechanism --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- EG : economisch en monetair beleid. --- Economische en monetaire unie van de Europese Gemeenschappen: algemeenheden. --- Europese centrale bank. ESCB. Centrale banken. --- Transmission mechanism (Monetary policy) --- EG : economisch en monetair beleid --- Economische en monetaire unie van de Europese Gemeenschappen: algemeenheden --- Europese centrale bank. ESCB. Centrale banken --- Business, Economy and Management --- Economics --- Monetary policy - European Union countries

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This book examines monetary policy by focusing on how the President and the Senate influence monetary policy by appointing Federal Reserve members. It attempts to answer three questions about the appointment process and its effects. First, do politicians influence monetary policy through Federal Reserve appointments? Second, who influences the process - the President alone or both the President and the Senate? Third, what explains the structure of the Federal Reserve appointment process? The test models show that the President alone, both the President and Senate, or neither, may influence monetary policy with Federal Reserve appointments. The structure of the process reflects political battles between the Democrats and Republicans regarding the centralization of authority to set monetary policy within the Federal Reserve System. The study extends the analysis to the European Central Bank and shows that the Federal Reserve process is more representative of society than the European Central Bank process.

Banques de la Réserve fédérale --- Federal Reserve banks --- Federale Reservebanken --- EEC / European Union - EU -Europese Unie - Union Européenne - UE --- US / United States of America - USA - Verenigde Staten - Etats Unis --- 333.820 --- 334.151.1 --- 341.246 --- Banks and banking, Central --- -Banks and banking, Central --- -Monetary policy --- -332.494 --- Banks of issue --- Banker's banks --- Banks, Central --- Central banking --- Central banks --- Banks and banking --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Geldbeleid, bankbeleid en kredietbeleid: algemeenheden. --- EG : economisch en monetair beleid. --- Internationale monetaire akkoorden. --- Economic and Monetary Union. --- EMU --- WWU --- Europäische Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion --- Unión Económica y Monetaria Europea --- Oikonomikē kai Nomismatikē Henōsē --- ONE --- European Monetary Union --- Talous- ja rahaliitto --- Unione monetaria --- Euroopan talous- ja rahaliitto --- Rahaliitto --- European Economic and Monetary Union --- UME --- Unione monetaria europea --- EWWU --- Unión Monetaria Europea --- Ekonomiska och monetära unionen --- Union monétaire européenne --- Union économique et monétaire européenne --- UEM --- Unia Gospodarcza i Walutowa --- Money. Monetary policy --- Economic and monetary union --- Banks and banking [Central ] --- Europe --- United States --- Monetary policy --- 332.494 --- Geldbeleid, bankbeleid en kredietbeleid: algemeenheden --- EG : economisch en monetair beleid --- Internationale monetaire akkoorden --- Social Sciences --- Political Science --- Federal Reserve banks.

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336.74 <4> --- 339.732 --- 339.743 --- Foreign exchange rates --- -Monetary policy --- -Monetary unions --- -AA / International- internationaal --- 334.151.20 --- 334.151.27 --- 334.151.21 --- 334.151.25 --- Monetary systems --- Economic and Monetary Union --- Monetary policy --- -Foreign exchange rates --- -332.494 --- 339.743 Wisselkoersen. Wisselkoerspariteiten. Dubbele wisselkoers. Devaluatie. Revaluatie. Zwevende wisselkoers. Muntslang --- Wisselkoersen. Wisselkoerspariteiten. Dubbele wisselkoers. Devaluatie. Revaluatie. Zwevende wisselkoers. Muntslang --- 339.732 Ida. Ibrd. Bird. Ifc. Imf. Speciale trekkingsrechten. Bank voor internationale betalingen. Internationaal monetair systeem --- 339.732 Internationale banken. Wereldbank. Ontwikkelingsbank. Investeringsbank. Comecom, samenwerkingsbank. Europees monetair fonds. Europees ontwikkelingsfonds. Europese investeringsbank. Europese monetaire --- Ida. Ibrd. Bird. Ifc. Imf. Speciale trekkingsrechten. Bank voor internationale betalingen. Internationaal monetair systeem --- Internationale banken. Wereldbank. Ontwikkelingsbank. Investeringsbank. Comecom, samenwerkingsbank. Europees monetair fonds. Europees ontwikkelingsfonds. Europese investeringsbank. Europese monetaire --- Common currencies --- Currency areas --- Currency unions --- Optimum currency areas --- Currency question --- Money --- Exchange rates --- Fixed exchange rates --- Flexible exchange rates --- Floating exchange rates --- Fluctuating exchange rates --- Foreign exchange --- Rates of exchange --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- 336.74 <4> Geld. Geldwezen. Monetaire sector.--Europa --- Geld. Geldwezen. Monetaire sector.--Europa --- Economische en monetaire unie van de Europese Gemeenschappen: algemeenheden. --- Europees monetair stelsel. --- Europese centrale bank. ESCB. Centrale banken. --- Rekeneenheid, gemeenschappelijke munt van de Europese Gemeenschappen. ECU. Euro. --- Rates --- International finance --- European Union --- Monetary unions --- 332.494 --- AA / International- internationaal --- Economische en monetaire unie van de Europese Gemeenschappen: algemeenheden --- Europese centrale bank. ESCB. Centrale banken --- Rekeneenheid, gemeenschappelijke munt van de Europese Gemeenschappen. ECU. Euro --- Europees monetair stelsel --- Europe --- Monetary policy - Europe. --- Foreign exchange rates - Europe. --- Monetary unions - Europe. --- MONETARY POLICY --- MONETARY UNIONS --- FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRADE --- EUROPE

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This volume, based on a conference held by the Italian Macroeconomic Policy Group and the centre for Economic Policy Research, examines the issues raised by European monetary unification. An introduction describes recent monetary developments and identifies the motivations for creating a European central bank. Theoretical papers analyse the interactions of capital controls, financial intermediation and seigniorage in open economies; the optimal design of centralized banks of issue by sovereign countries; and some new aspects of the 'optimal currency area' question. The empirical papers provide new evidence and interpretation of inflation experience across Europe and the attitudes of European central bankers about inflation and unemployment. The historical papers describe the experience of currency unification in Germany and Italy in the 19th century and the creation of the US Federal Reserve System. The volume concludes with a panel discussion on the feasibility of European monetary unification, featuring leading academics and central bankers.

International finance --- European Union --- Monetary policy --- Banks and banking, Central --- Congresses. --- European Monetary System (Organization) --- -Monetary policy --- -ume --- sme --- banque centrale --- AA / International- internationaal --- 334.151.20 --- 334.151.27 --- 334.151.21 --- 334.151.25 --- 339.732 --- 332.494 --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Banker's banks --- Banks, Central --- Central banking --- Central banks --- Banks and banking --- emu --- ems --- centrale bank --- Economische en monetaire unie van de Europese Gemeenschappen: algemeenheden. --- Europees monetair stelsel. --- Europese centrale bank. ESCB. Centrale banken. --- Rekeneenheid, gemeenschappelijke munt van de Europese Gemeenschappen. ECU. Euro. --- Internationale banken. Wereldbank. Ontwikkelingsbank. Investeringsbank. Comecom, samenwerkingsbank. Europees monetair fonds. Europees ontwikkelingsfonds. Europese investeringsbank. Europese monetaire --- -Système monétaire européen (Organization) --- Europäisches Währungssystem (Organization) --- Sistema Monetario Europeo (Organization) --- Europees Monetair System (Organization) --- Europæisk monetær system (Organization) --- Euroopan valuuttajärjestelmä --- EMS (European Monetary System) --- E.M.S. (European Monetary System) --- EWS (European Monetary System) --- E.W.S. (European Monetary System) --- SME (European Monetary System) --- S.M.E. (European Monetary System) --- Congresses --- -Congresses --- 339.732 Ida. Ibrd. Bird. Ifc. Imf. Speciale trekkingsrechten. Bank voor internationale betalingen. Internationaal monetair systeem --- 339.732 Internationale banken. Wereldbank. Ontwikkelingsbank. Investeringsbank. Comecom, samenwerkingsbank. Europees monetair fonds. Europees ontwikkelingsfonds. Europese investeringsbank. Europese monetaire --- Ida. Ibrd. Bird. Ifc. Imf. Speciale trekkingsrechten. Bank voor internationale betalingen. Internationaal monetair systeem --- ume --- Economische en monetaire unie van de Europese Gemeenschappen: algemeenheden --- Europese centrale bank. ESCB. Centrale banken --- Rekeneenheid, gemeenschappelijke munt van de Europese Gemeenschappen. ECU. Euro --- Europees monetair stelsel --- Système monétaire européen (Organization) --- Monetary policy - European Economic Community countries - Congresses. --- Banks and banking, Central - European Economic Community countries - Congresses. --- Business, Economy and Management --- Economics