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"Tyndall's address is, as it were, the official announcement of a new era for England, which plays so important a part in the History of Materialism. The old hollow truce between natural science and theology, which Huxley, and recently Darwin, had seriously shaken, is now broken, and men of science demand their right to follow out in all directions, undisturbed by any subsisting traditions, the consequences of their theory of the world. The continuance of religion is indeed secured by the Spencerian philosophy, but it will henceforth no more be considered a matter of indifference with what dogmas and what demands upon our credulity religious feelings find expression. And thus commences a struggle, such as earlier took place in Germany, which can only find a peaceful termination by the removal of religion into the sphere of the ideal. If the principle is once conceded that we should create for ourselves in imagination a fairer and more perfect world than the world of reality, then we shall be compelled to allow validity to Mythus as Mythus. But it is more important that we shall rise to the recognition that it is the same necessity, the same transcendental root of our human nature, which supplies us through the senses with the idea of the world of reality, and which leads us in the highest function of nature and creative synthesis to fashion a world of the ideal in which to take refuge from the limitation of the senses, and in which to find again the true Home of our Spirit"--Preface. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).
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Ce livre étudie, à travers une série d'épisodes allant de la philosophie des Lumières à notre époque, le problème du matérialisme dans l'histoire de la philosophie et l'histoire des sciences. Comment comprendre les spécificités de l'histoire du matérialisme, des Lumières à nos jours, au sein de la grande histoire de la philosophie et de l'histoire des sciences ? Quelle est l'actualité de l'opposition classique entre le corps et l'esprit ? Qu'est-ce que le rire ou le rêve peuvent nous apprendre du matérialisme ? En traversant l'histoire du matérialisme jusqu'à l'émergence d'un « nouveau matérialisme » contemporain, l'ouvrage vise à revitaliser le matérialisme et sa lecture. This book examines, through a series of essays moving from the philosophy of the Enlightenment to the contemporary period, the problem of materialism in the history of philosophy and history of science. The themes range from classic subjects such as mind-body relationships, the status of the brain, the question of atheism, to the less traditional such as dreams, laughter, embodiment and emergence of a 'New Materialism'. It is intended for historians of philosophy, literature and science as well as contemporary philosophers (of the mind, biology, science).
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"The purpose of this book on the history of materialism consists in the exposition of principles of materialism until Kant. The first section deals with materialism in antiquity, the second deals with the transition between antiquity and early modern materialism, and the third section deals with seventeenth century materialism"--Book. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).
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"La différence sexuelle de l'homme et de la femme est-elle un fait physiologique ou un effet des normes sociales ? En 1990, dans Trouble dans le genre, Judith Butler soutient que la catégorie de " sexe " ne décrit pas la différence naturelle de l'homme et de la femme mais la produit, par la répétition des normes du genre que nos discours et nos pratiques sociales véhiculent sans cesse. Pour déconstruire ces catégories naturalisantes d'homme et de femme, Butler inscrit sa critique du sexisme dans une critique globale de l'hétéro-sexisme, c'est-à dire de l'injonction sociale à l'hétérosexualité obligatoire. Trouble dans la matière part du contexte polémique de la réception de Butler en France, dans les cercles où l'on reproche aux études de genre de semer le trouble dans la lutte des classes. L'ouvrage entreprend de mettre en lumière la dimension matérialiste de la thèse butlerienne de la construction discursive du sexe, mais aussi d'interroger, en retour, la fécondité de son analyse du pouvoir des mots pour la critique sociale d'inspiration marxiste. L'exploration de la postérité inédite de Marx qui se dessine entre Althusser et Foucault, au prisme de l'épistémologie de Canguilhem, fait de la construction du " sexe " le point de départ d'une réflexion générale sur la production de la réalité sociale par les discours qui la ressaisissent. L'ouvrage envisage ainsi de penser la matérialité discursive de l'existence sociale, c'est-à-dire la manière dont le discours, esquissant les contours des sujets et des objets qu'il nomme, les constitue socialement comme tels. Il vise, à partir du problème de la construction discursive du sexe, à proposer des éléments pour une épistémologie matérialiste qui considère le pouvoir du discours de produire et de transformer la réalité sociale.
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Materialism --- History.
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"The current book presents a history of materialism until Kant. The book begins by reviewing eighteenth century materialism is France and Germany. The next section discusses nineteenth century (modern) philosophy. The book ends with a discussion of the natural sciences."
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This treatise is given to the public with the hope that it may serve, to some extent, as a check to the advancing tide of Materialism, and define, with some precision, the ground Vitalists should occupy in this great debate. Believing that the things and facts of nature are their own best interpreters, we have labored to shun the metaphysical aspects of the subject, and allow them to speak for themselves and for truth. If the "new philosophy" is a true solution of the problems presented by the universe, then in matter itself, and in matter alone, should be found an explanation of the cause and origin of all phenomena, especially of such as are vital and intellectual in their character. Having doubts on this subject, we have made a special examination of all the kinds of matter which enter organic bodies and tested their properties, for the purpose of detecting in them the presence of a vital force or any capacity to work themselves into living organisms; and the conclusion reached is,that matter is not, never was, and never can be, till the constitution of nature is changed, the cause of vital phenomena. It follows that, as vitality does not originate in matter, its marvelous forces must have either an independent existence, which logically is inconceivable, or an antithetic cause in a vital substance.
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Perhaps it is the fate of all great systems of Philosophy that they should be open to many different interpretations, according as they strike different readers, but it can hardly be questioned, I think, that Mr. Spencer's philosophy is singularly of this character. Many claim him as a materialist, but nothing can be plainer than that he repudiates materialism with all his heart. With more justice perhaps, some claim him as the very chief of empirics, but his system seems to me to have little in common with any system of empiricism. It must be allowed that he is an agnostic, but it is very much open to question whether agnosticism is any necessary and structural part of his philosophy, and whether it may not be a mere excrescence which only deforms and degrades a true and noble system. It is in this latter aspect that it appears to myself; and this volume is written for the purpose of showing that, if the system be made one logical and consistent whole, it is congruous with nothing but theism. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).
Materialism --- History.
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