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Civil society organizations (CSOs) have played important roles over the years in the disaster field.  Starting from the traditional approach of response and relief, the emphasis has gradually shifted to disaster risk reduction.  From international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to national and local NGOs, all stakeholders have recognized the significance of and need for community-based risk reduction. In their different capacities they have endeavored to establish links to the policy options at the local and national levels.  There still are many issues that remain untouched by CSOs, however, and local CSOs face special challenges in resources in terms of human, financial, and technical issues.     Drawing examples from Asia, this book is structured on the roles of CSOs according to the Hyogo Framework for Action priority areas: policy making, risk assessment, education and training, underlying risk factors, and response–recovery.  The primary target groups for this book are students and researchers in the fields of environment, disaster risk reduction, and climate change studies.  The book provides a clear view of the current trends of research in the field and furnishes basic knowledge on these important topics.  Another target group comprises practitioners and policy makers, who will be able to apply the knowledge collected here to policy and decision making.

Civil society --- Social contract --- Geology. --- Social sciences --- Sustainable development. --- Natural Hazards. --- Methodology of the Social Sciences. --- Sustainable Development. --- Methodology. --- Hazard mitigation. --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable development --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Disaster mitigation --- Disaster risk mitigation --- Disaster risk reduction --- Disasters --- Hazards mitigation --- Mitigation, Hazard --- Natural hazard mitigation --- Natural hazards mitigation --- Reduction of risks of disasters --- Risk mitigation, Disaster --- Risk reduction, Disaster --- Emergency management --- Environmental aspects --- Risk mitigation --- Geognosy --- Geoscience --- Earth sciences --- Natural history --- Natural disasters. --- Social sciences. --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization --- Natural calamities --- Asia. --- Asian and Pacific Council countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia

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Risk management. --- Hazard mitigation --- Disaster mitigation --- Disaster risk mitigation --- Disaster risk reduction --- Disasters --- Hazards mitigation --- Mitigation, Hazard --- Natural hazard mitigation --- Natural hazards mitigation --- Reduction of risks of disasters --- Risk mitigation, Disaster --- Risk reduction, Disaster --- Emergency management --- Insurance --- Management --- Risk mitigation --- Asia. --- Asian and Pacific Council countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia

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This book presents case studies of risk management of various hazards and risk management systems at regional, national, and local levels. It also proposes a comprehensive approach to reduce future risks by collaborating with various stakeholders and preparing for the most effective responses toward complicated hazards, minimizing social damage. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the concern as well as interest in the diversification of future risks and the complexity of the damage and impact that multiple risks may cause. These hazard risks include not only natural hazards, but also biological, industrial, and nuclear hazards along with other risks such as cyber-attacks, climate change, food security, conflict, and multiple hazards occurring simultaneously. The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, adopted in 2015 at the United Nations World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, accounts for the risks caused by natural or manmade hazards as well as related environmental, technological, and biological hazards and risks. The framework guides the multi-hazard management of disaster risk in development at all levels and sectors. However, in the current disaster management system in most countries, different offices are responsible for each different hazard, making it extremely difficult to manage those hazard risks comprehensively. Having experienced the COVID-19 pandemic, it is now time to review the current risk management strategy and system, and thereafter discuss how to strengthen and transform our risk perception and manner of risk assessment and identification to tackle future multiple hazards. Simultaneously, further collaboration among experts from different backgrounds and fields will become indispensable. While the discussion of the need for an “all-hazards approach” has taken place for many years, there now needs to be discussion of a risk-focused framework.

Natural disasters. --- Bioclimatology. --- Natural Hazards. --- Climate Change Ecology.