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Leonardo da Pisa, perhaps better known as Fibonacci (ca. 1170 - ca. 1240), selected the most useful parts of Greco-Arabic geometry for the book known as De practica geometrie. Beginning with the definitions and constructions found early on in Euclid's Elements, Fibonacci instructed his reader how to compute with Pisan units of measure, find square and cube roots, determine dimensions of both rectilinear and curved surfaces and solids, work with tables for indirect measurement, and perhaps finally fire the imagination of builders with analyses of pentagons and decagons. His work exceeded what readers would expect for the topic. Practical Geometry is the name of the craft for medieval landmeasurers, otherwise known as surveyors in modern times. Fibonacci wrote De practica geometrie for these artisans, a fitting complement to Liber abbaci. He had been at work on the geometry project for some time when a friend encouraged him to complete the task, which he did, going beyond the merely practical, as he remarked, "Some parts are presented according to geometric demonstrations, other parts in dimensions after a lay fashion, with which they wish to engage according to the more common practice." This translation offers a reconstruction of De practica geometrie as the author judges Fibonacci wrote it. In order to appreciate what Fibonacci created, the author considers his command of Arabic, his schooling, and the resources available to him. To these are added the authors own views on translation and remarks about early Renaissance Italian translations. A bibliography of primary and secondary resources follows the translation, completed by an index of names and special words.
Geometry --- Mathematics, Medieval. --- Geometry. --- Mathematics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Medieval mathematics --- Mathematics. --- History. --- History of Mathematical Sciences. --- Mathematics, Greek --- Euclid's Elements --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Math --- Science
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This book provides an accessible guide to concepts in language testing and the testing of specific skills and systems. It combines theory and practical recommendations to help teachers understand the principles of testing and how they can be applied, supporting them to write better tests. The third edition has been extensively revised and updated to reflect recent developments in the field, while retaining the straightforward approach that made the earlier editions essential reading for trainee and experienced teachers alike. It features new content on technology, including computer adaptive testing and the use of automated scoring for all skills. It also includes an extended discussion of language testers' responsibilities, new chapters on non-testing methods of assessment and a checklist to help teachers choose tests.
Language and languages --- Ability testing. --- Language assessment --- Study and teaching
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English literature --- 840 --- dichtwerken --- poésie
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Methods in social research (general) --- Internet --- Bibliothèques et Internet --- RECHERCHE SUR INTERNET --- Guides, manuels, etc --- GUIDES, MANUELS, ETC
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This book examines the economic success of the industrializing economies of East Asia. Judged in terms of economic growth, or by a combination of economic and welfare criteria, this group of East Asian countries has established a clear lead over other developing areas of the world. The authors seek to identify the economic policies that have been critical to success. They analyze the varied political backgrounds and cultural heritages which enabled such a disparate group of coountries to choose successful routes to rapid growth. The East Asian countries possess widely divergent endowments of resources, but they face the same international environment as other countries. What has led to their economic achievements? One answer is 'unshackling exports' that most of the Asian countries had shackled in the first place. Other policy strands included political stability, the rule of law and economic policies that distorted prices less than other developing countries. Equally important have been investment in facilities of the social and physical infrastructure. The book's contributors argue that governments thus provided the environment for growth. Private enterprise contributed investment despite risk of uncertainty, and through exposure to international competition became efficient and profitable.
Industrial economics --- Foreign trade policy --- Far East --- 338.22 <5> --- -Industrialization --- -820 Internationale Betrekkingen --- Industrial development --- Deindustrialization --- Economische organisatieleer. Economisch beleid. Economische politiek--Azië --- -Asia, East --- Asia, Eastern --- East (Far East) --- Eastern Asia --- 338.22 <5> Economische organisatieleer. Economisch beleid. Economische politiek--Azië --- Industrialization --- Industrial policy --- 820 Internationale Betrekkingen --- 830 Economie --- 831.1 Handelspolitiek --- 836 (Multi-)nationale ondernemingen --- 883.2 Oost-Azië --- 883 Azië --- East Asia --- Economic policy. --- Third World: economic development problems --- Developing countries: economic development problems --- Business, Economy and Management --- Economics
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Once a controversial genre of Victorian fiction that produced the major best sellers of its century, the now-forgotten sensation novel was a publishing phenomenon in its time. In a vivid portrait of this subversive and discomfiting popular literature, Winifred Hughes identifies its ingredients, its practitioners, and its implications, and reveals its significance both for the mid-Victorian consciousness and for the writers and readers of today.Originally published in 1981.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
English fiction --- Sensationalism in literature --- Popular literature --- English --- Languages & Literatures --- English Literature --- Literature, Popular --- Books and reading --- Popular culture --- English literature --- History and criticism --- Fiction --- Thematology --- anno 1800-1899 --- English fiction -- 19th century -- History and criticism. --- Popular literature -- Great Britain -- History and criticism. --- Sensationalism in literature. --- LITTERATURE ANGLAISE --- SENSATIONNALISME DANS LA LITTERATURE --- LITTERATURE POPULAIRE ANGLAISE --- CULTURE DE MASSE --- 19E SIECLE --- HISTOIRE ET CRITIQUE --- History and criticism.
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This 1991 book makes an important contribution to the evaluation of the origins of Stalinism. Although it is widely acknowledged by Western scholars that the Soviet grain crisis of 1927-8 and Stalin's Siberian tour of January 1928 were crucial factors in the decision to abandon the New Economic Policy (NEP) and return to a more ideologically rigid policy of collectivisation and rapid industrialisation, studies have hitherto concentrated on the role of leading personalities and 'high politics'. In this book, Dr James Hughes presents an in depth examination of the crisis of the NEP from the regional perspective of Siberia and analyses the events and pressures 'from below', at the grassroots level of Soviet society. Using publications of the Siberian party and statistical investigations of the countryside, Dr Hughes offers insights into several largely uncharted features of the Soviet system in these years.
338.24 <497.11> --- 338.24 <47 + 57> --- Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Servie en Montenegro. Klein Joegoslavie--(na 1990) --- Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--?<47+57> --- Stalin, Josef Vissarionovich. --- Siberia (Russia) --- -Soviet Union --- -Economic conditions --- Economic policy --- -338.24 <497.11> --- 338.24 <47 + 57> Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--?<47+57> --- 338.24 <497.11> Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Servie en Montenegro. Klein Joegoslavie--(na 1990) --- -338.24 <47 + 57> --- Stalin, Joseph, --- Soviet Union --- Economic conditions. --- Economic conditions --- 1928-1932 --- Stalin, Joseph --- Siberia (R.S.F.S.R.) - Economic conditions. --- Soviet Union - Economic policy - 1928-1932. --- Stalin, Joseph, 1879-1953. --- Arts and Humanities --- History --- Djougatchvili, Iossif Vissarionovitch, --- Джугашвили, Иосиф Виссарионович, --- Dzhugashvili, Iosif Vissarionovich, --- Koba, --- Shih-tʻai-lin, --- Sidalin, --- Ssu-ta-lin, --- Stalin, Giuseppe, --- Сталин, И. В. --- Stalin, I. V. --- Сталин, Иосиф, --- Stalin, Iosif, --- Сталин, К., --- Stalin, K., --- Staline, --- Staline, Joseph, --- Staljin, J. V., --- Sutārin, --- Soselo, --- Stalini, Ioseb Besarionis że, --- Sṭalin, Y. Ṿ., --- Sṭalin, Y., --- Stalin, Josef, --- Stalin, Josef Vissarionovich, --- סטאלין, יאסיף, --- סטאלין, י. --- סטאלין, י. וו --- סטאלין, י. װ. --- סטאלין, י., --- סטלין, יוסיף ויסאריונוביץ׳, --- סטלין, יוסף --- 斯大林, --- Stalin, Jossif Vissarionovitš, --- Sztálin, Joszif, --- Istālīn, Yūsīf Vīsāryūnūvīch, --- استالين، يوسيف ويساريونووتج, --- Σταλιν, Ιωσηφ, --- Stalin, Ιōsēph, --- Jughashvili, Ioseb, --- Jughashvili, Ioseb Vissarionovich, --- Jughashvili, Koba,
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