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CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES --- INFECTION --- CHOLELITHIASIS --- NEOPLASMS --- ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION --- CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES --- INFECTION --- CHOLELITHIASIS --- NEOPLASMS --- ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION

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How exciting it is to see a field so well established as the ren- angiotensin system continue to grow and mature. Originally, following the original identification of renin by Tigerstedt and Bergman over 100 years ago, workers in this area spent years attempting to establish its role in experimental and renal hypertension. The early work by Goldblatt, in 1934, demonstrated that the placement of a clip around a renal artery was clearly related to the subsequent development of hypertension. However, it wasn't until the simultaneous finding by two different geographically separated teams, Page, et al, in the United States and Braun-Menendez, et al, in Argentina that the peptide angiotensin was identified. Thus, the rate-limiting enzyme renin was released from the kidney and catalyzed a biochemical cascade which was eventually shown to produce the elevated arterial pressure. Subsequently, many workers contributed to the elucidation of the concept and sequence of angiotensin I1 generation. Thus, the enzyme renin acted upon its protein substrate, produced in the liver, to liberate the decapeptide angiotensin I which, upon circulating through the pulmonary circulation, finally produced the potent octapeptide angiotensin. Several important subsequent findings demonstrated that angiotensin I1 promoted the release of the adrenal corticosteroid from that gland, thereby resulting in a larger system, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Further, this system demonstrated a classical biofeedback and the circulating octapeptide was shown to have additional biological activities in organs other than heart, vessels, kidney, adrenals, and even brain.

Renin-angiotensin system. --- Heart --- Renal hypertension. --- Renin. --- Physiology. --- Aspartic proteinases --- Juxtaglomerular apparatus --- Renal parenchymatous hypertension --- Hypertension --- Kidneys --- RA system --- RAA system --- RAAS (Physiology) --- RAS (Physiology) --- Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis --- Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system --- Aldosterone --- Angiotensins --- Renin --- Water-electrolyte balance (Physiology) --- Blood pressure --- Diseases --- Regulation --- Cardiology. --- Internal medicine

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The renin angiotensin system plays an essential role on cardiac and vascular functions and their connection in the generation of cardiovascular diseases. Renin Angiotensin System and Cardiovascular Disease covers indispensable aspects such as intracellular signaling, regulation of cell volume in the failing heart, the presence of an intracrine renin angiotensin system, and the influence of prorenin/renin, angiotensin II, angiotensin (1-7) and aldosterone. Furthermore, the role of the mineralocorticoid receptor as an imperative component of the intracrine renin angiotensin system and as a regulator of extracellular action of angiotensin II is described, reinforcing the view that aldosterone inhibitors are helpful in the treatment of heart failure and hypertension. Renin Angiotensin System and Cardiovascular Disease provides readers with an outstanding review of the major topics involving the renin angiotensin system and cardiovascular disease. With contributions by an international panel of experts, Renin Angiotensin System and Cardiovascular Disease presents the most relevant aspects of the role of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system on cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, congestive heart failure, atherosclerosis and diabetes. The volume Editors, Dr. Walmor C. DeMello and Dr. Edward Frohlich, both established specialists in their respective fields, team up to discuss a range of topics from Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System and Pathobiology of Hypertension to Inhibiting the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System in Patients with Heart Failure and Myocardial Infarction.

Angiotensin converting enzyme -- Inhibitors. --- Cardiovascular system -- Diseases -- Prevention. --- Cardiovascular system -- Diseases. --- Renin-angiotensin system --- Cardiovascular system --- Receptors, Angiotensin --- Renin-Angiotensin System --- Physiology --- Cardiovascular Diseases --- Receptors, Peptide --- Receptors, Neuropeptide --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Diseases --- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled --- Metabolism --- Hemodynamics --- Metabolic Phenomena --- Cardiovascular Physiological Processes --- Receptors, Cell Surface --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Receptors, Neurotransmitter --- Membrane Proteins --- Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Phenomena and Processes --- Proteins --- Circulatory and Respiratory Physiological Phenomena --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Animal Biochemistry --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Renin-angiotensin system. --- Angiography. --- Cardiology. --- Internal medicine. --- Medicine. --- Medicine, Internal --- Blood-vessels --- RA system --- RAA system --- RAAS (Physiology) --- RAS (Physiology) --- Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis --- Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Radiography --- Angiology. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Internal Medicine. --- Heart --- Internal medicine --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Diagnosis, Radioscopic --- Radiography, Medical --- Aldosterone --- Angiotensins --- Renin --- Water-electrolyte balance (Physiology) --- Blood pressure --- Regulation --- Diseases. --- Angiology --- Vascular diseases