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Most of the treatments in medicine are patient specific, aren’t they? So why should we bother with individualizing implants if we adapt our therapy to patients anyway? Looking at the neighboring field of oncologic treatment, you would not question the fact that individualization of tumor therapy with personalized antibodies has led to the thriving of this field in terms of success in patient survival and positive responses to alternatives for conventional treatments. Regarding the latest cutting-edge developments in orthopedic surgery and biotechnology, including new imaging techniques and 3D-printing of bone substitutes as well as implants, we do have an armamentarium available to stimulate the race for innovation in medicine. This Special Issue of Journal of Personalized Medicine will gather all relevant new and developed techniques already in clinical practice. Examples include the developments in revision arthroplasty and tumor (pelvic replacement) surgery to recreate individual defects, individualized implants for primary arthroplasty to establish physiological joint kinematics, and personalized implants in fracture treatment, to name but a few.

Medicine --- patient specific implant --- custom made implant --- revision hip --- Paprosky --- pelvic discontinuity --- highly cancellous --- implant surface --- tibia --- titanium alloy --- 3D printing --- megaendoprosthesis --- orthopedic oncology --- limb salvage --- patient safety management --- vascular bypass --- soft tissue sarcoma --- vascular reconstruction --- shoulder arthroplasty --- X-ray images --- implant classification --- deep learning --- dense residual ensemble-network --- rotational invariant augmentation --- Three-Dimensional Printing (3DP) --- custom implant --- patient-specific implants (PSI) --- spinal surgery --- total knee replacement --- total knee arthroplasty --- kinematic alignment --- slope --- rotation --- navigation-assisted surgery --- tumor orthopedics --- oncologic orthopedics --- patient specific --- tumor surgery --- bone defects --- hip detection --- deep convolutional neural network --- radiography --- leg alignment --- patient-specific instruments --- custom-made implant --- rotational correction --- custom-made --- rTKA --- 3D-printed --- individual --- limb-salvage --- cone --- customised --- personalised --- knee replacement --- native knee morphology --- femoral J-Curve --- principal component analysis --- geometric parameter analysis --- individualized alignment --- restricted kinematic alignment --- robotic-assisted TKA --- MAKO --- safe zone --- pelvic tumors --- 3D printed prostheses --- computer aided design pelvic reconstruction --- arthroplasty --- complications --- bone tumor --- pelvis --- patient-specific --- individualized --- 3D-printing --- unicondylar knee arthroplasty --- unicompartmental knee replacement --- unicondylar knee replacement --- partial knee arthroplasty --- partial knee replacement --- UKA --- UKR --- augmented reality --- image-guided surgery --- intraoperative imaging --- simulation --- mixed reality --- reversed shoulder arthroplasty --- 3D planning --- total hip arthroplasty --- finite element method --- cemented and uncemented acetabular fixation --- polyethylene wear patterns --- cervical–diaphyseal angle --- center of rotation --- material head --- size head --- liner thickness --- preoperative planning --- patient-specific THA --- target zone --- leg length discrepancy --- range of motion --- edge loading --- TKA --- tricompartmental knee osteoarthritis --- iTotal --- n/a --- cervical-diaphyseal angle