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The rapid growth of modern industry has resulted in a growing demand for construction materials with excellent operational properties. However, the improved features of these materials can significantly hinder their manufacture and, therefore, they can be defined as hard-to-cut. The main difficulties during the manufacturing/processing of hard-to-cut materials are attributed especially to their high hardness and abrasion resistance, high strength at room or elevated temperatures, increased thermal conductivity, as well as resistance to oxidation and corrosion. Nowadays, the group of hard-to-cut materials is extensive and still expanding, which is attributed to the development of a novel manufacturing techniques (e.g., additive technologies). Currently, the group of hard-to-cut materials mainly includes hardened and stainless steels, titanium, cobalt and nickel alloys, composites, ceramics, as well as the hard clads fabricated by additive techniques. This Special Issue, "Advances in Hard-to-Cut Materials: Manufacturing, Properties, Process Mechanics and Evaluation of Surface Integrity", provides the collection of research papers regarding the various problems correlated with hard-to-cut materials. The analysis of these studies reveals the primary directions regarding the developments in manufacturing methods, characterization, and optimization of hard-to-cut materials.

Thermal conductivity.

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This book is intended to provide a deep understanding on the advanced treatments of thermal properties of materials through experimental, theoretical, and computational techniques. This area of interest is being taught in most universities and institutions at the graduate and postgraduate levels. Moreover, the increasing modern technical and social interest in energy has made the study of thermal properties more significant and exciting in the recent years. This book shares with the international community a sense of global motivation and collaboration on the subject of thermal conductivity and its wide spread applications in modern technologies. This book presents new results from leading laboratories and researchers on topics including materials, thermal insulation, modeling, steady and transient measurements, and thermal expansion. The materials of interest range from nanometers to meters, bringing together ideas and results from across the research field.

Thermal conductivity. --- Coefficient of conductivity --- Conductivity, Heat --- Conductivity, Thermal --- Heat conductivity --- Heat --- Transport theory --- Conduction --- Measurement --- Physical Sciences --- Engineering and Technology --- Thermal Engineering --- Technology --- Chemical Engineering

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In recent years, there has been significant progress in biomass research as bio-based products are beneficial to the environment, energy-saving, and cost-saving if they are processed properly. The book collects the most state-of-the-art works related to the natural fiber composites in a Special Issue entitled “Natural Fiber Biocomposites”. These works address all the issues related the manufacturing of natural fiber composite products, from (1) raw materials, such as wood, flax fiber, and cellulose nanofiber; to the (2) raw material treatments, such as furfuryl alcohol pretreatment, ultrasonic vibration treatment (UVT), and extraction method for the resins; to the (3) process of the composites fabrication, such as thermo-hygro-mechanical densification; and to the (4) performance of the composites, including mechanical, moisture absorption, opacity, thermal, and biodegradability. Discussions on the adhesives/resins used in the natural fiber composites fabrication, such as dried distiller’s grains and solubles (DDGS), pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) press cakes (PPC), and lesquerella [Lesquerella fendleri (A. Gary) S. Watson] press cake (LPC), starch, and polylactic acid (PLA), are also part of the book. It is believed the technical information presented in this book will contribute to the development of the bio-based composites.

Research & information: general --- flexural properties --- panels --- by-products --- non-dietetic uses --- modulus of rupture --- modulus of elasticity --- nanofiber cellulose --- water hyacinth --- thermoplastic starch --- bionanocomposites --- ultrasonic vibration time --- density --- gas permeability --- thermal conductivity --- densification --- durability --- green composites --- cellulosic fibers --- water uptake --- biocomposite --- starch --- cellulose --- ultrasonication --- moisture absorption --- opacity --- mat porosity --- mat thermal conductivity --- fiber size --- hot-pressing process --- PLA --- flax --- thermoplastic composites --- mechanical properties --- biodegradability

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Petrology --- Handbooks, manuals, etc --- Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- -552 --- Lithology --- Petrography --- Physical geology --- Rocks --- Petrology. Petrography --- 552 Petrology. Petrography --- 552 --- Thermal conductivity --- Conductivité thermique --- Faults (Geology) --- Failles (géologie) --- Rheology --- Rhéologie --- Conductivité thermique --- Failles (géologie) --- Rhéologie

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Heat transfer laws for conduction, radiation and convection change when the dimensions of the systems in question shrink. The altered behaviours can be used efficiently in energy conversion, respectively bio- and high-performance materials to control microelectronic devices. To understand and model those thermal mechanisms, specific metrologies have to be established. This book provides an overview of actual devices and materials involving micro-nanoscale heat transfer mechanisms. These are clearly explained and exemplified by a large spectrum of relevant physical models, while the most advanced nanoscale thermal metrologies are presented.

Heat -- Conduction -- Measurement. --- Heat -- Transmission -- Measurement. --- Heat -- Transmission. --- Nanoelectromechanical systems -- Thermal properties. --- Nanostructured materials -- Thermal properties. --- Nanostructures -- Thermal properties. --- Nanostructures. --- Nanotechnology. --- Thermal conductivity. --- Nanostructured materials --- Nanostructures --- Nanoelectromechanical systems --- Thermal conductivity --- Heat --- Nanotechnology --- Miniaturization --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Manufactured Materials --- Thermodynamics --- Thermal Conductivity --- Technology, Industry, and Agriculture --- Technology --- Physical Phenomena --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Phenomena and Processes --- Technology, Industry, Agriculture --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Physics --- Materials Science --- Physics - General --- Electrical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Thermal properties --- Transmission --- Conduction --- Measurement --- Microelectromechanical systems. --- Transmission. --- MEMS (Microelectromechanical systems) --- Micro-electro-mechanical systems --- Micro-machinery --- Microelectromechanical devices --- Micromachinery --- Micromachines --- Micromechanical devices --- Micromechanical systems --- Heat transfer --- Thermal transfer --- Transmission of heat --- Coefficient of conductivity --- Conductivity, Heat --- Conductivity, Thermal --- Heat conductivity --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- Physics. --- Physics, general. --- Transport theory --- High technology --- Electromechanical devices --- Microtechnology --- Mechatronics --- Energy transfer