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Storm tides, surges, and waves associated with typhoons/tropical cyclones/hurricanes are the most severe threats to coastal zones, nearshore waters, and navigational safety. Therefore, predicting typhoon/tropical cyclone/hurricane-induced storm tides, surges, waves, and coastal erosion is essential for reducing the loss of human life and property and mitigating coastal disasters. There is still a growing demand for novel techniques that could be adopted to resolve the complex physical processes of storm tides, surges, waves, and coastal erosion, even if many studies on the hindcasting/prediction/forecasting of typhoon-driven storm tides, surges, waves, and also morphology evolution have been carried out through numerical models in the last decade. This Special Issue intends to collect the latest studies on storm tide, surge, and wave modeling and analysis utilizing dynamic and statistical models and artificial intelligence approaches to improve our simulating and analytic capabilities and our understanding of storm tides, surges, and waves. Five high-quality papers have been accepted for publication in this Special Issue; these papers cover the application and development of many high-end techniques for storm tides, surges, waves, and on-site investigation of coastal erosion and accretion.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- typhoon wave --- sea surface temperature --- WAVEWATCH-III --- sbPOM --- depth-induced wave breaking --- wave-breaking formulation --- wave-breaking criterion --- shallow nearshore waters --- three-dimensional Bragg resonance --- regular waves --- random waves --- high-order spectral (HOS) method --- Gaussian spectrum --- V-shaped undulating bottom --- multivariate extreme value --- coastal modeling --- SWAN --- SWASH-2DH --- Corsica --- return level --- total water level --- erosion and accretion --- cross-shore profile evolution --- Lanyang River estuary --- limit of estuarine sediment transport --- northeastern coastal waters of Taiwan --- n/a

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This book covers a broad range of sea surface temperature studies from very different points of view and scales; the SST is observed from very local to regional and oceanic scales. The chapters of this book move from local and remote data sensing validation to local and regional trend analysis, and also give some insight into marine heatwaves and future climate scenarios.

Research & information: general --- Environmental economics --- sea surface temperature --- upper ocean heat content --- hurricane intensity --- Northeast Pacific --- Hawaii --- Hurricane Genevieve --- Hurricane Iselle --- Hurricane Julio --- satellite SST --- in situ --- coral reefs --- water temperature --- internal waves --- upwelling --- advection --- climate change --- coral bleaching --- air temperature --- Mann–Kendall test --- Split --- Hvar --- Komiža --- decadal and seasonal SST variation --- East China Shelf Seas --- CMIP5 --- WOA18 --- marine heatwaves --- Eastern Mediterranean Sea --- maximum intensity --- wind stress --- mean sea level pressure --- Red Sea --- marine heat wave --- duration --- frequency --- El Niño --- the NECC --- east of the dateline --- Pacific Ocean --- climate variability --- extreme events --- global climate models --- ecosystems --- n/a --- Mann-Kendall test --- Komiža --- El Niño

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The tendency for climate to change has been one of the most surprising outcomes of the study of Earth's history. Marine geoscience can reveal valuable information about past environments, climates, and biota just before, during and after each climate perturbation. Particularly, certain intervals of geological records are windows to key episodes in the climate history of the Earth–life system. Ιn this regard, the detailed analyses of such time intervals are challenging and rewarding for environmental reconstruction and climate modelling, because they provide documentation and better understanding of a warmer-than-present world, and opportunities to test and refine the predictive ability of climate models. Marine geological dynamics such as sea-level changes, hydrographic parameters, water quality, sedimentary cyclicity, and (paleo)climate are strongly related through a direct exchange between the oceanographic and atmospheric systems. The increasing attention paid to this wide topic is also motivated by the interplay of these processes across a variety of settings (coastal to open marine) and timescales (early Cenozoic to modern). In order to realize the full predictive value of these warm (fresh)/cold (salty) intervals in Earth's history, it is important to have reliable tools (e.g., integrated geochemical, paleontological and/or paleoceanographic proxies) through the application of multiple, independent, and novel techniques (e.g., TEX86, UK’37, Mg/Ca, Na/Ca, Δ47, and μCT) for providing reliable hydroclimate reconstructions at both local and global scales.

Research & information: general --- microfacies types --- Pantokrator Limestones --- Vigla Formation --- Senonian calciturbidites --- Eocene brecciated limestones --- carbonate porosity --- petroleum prospectivity --- stratigraphic correlations --- marine biogenic carbonates --- depositional environment --- paleoceanographic evolution --- planktonic foraminifera --- pteropods --- stable isotopes --- sea surface temperature (SST) --- stratification --- productivity --- sapropel S1 --- Aegean Sea --- Late Quaternary --- shell weight --- climate variability --- sea surface density --- carbonate production --- X-ray microscopy (μCT) --- δ18O and Mg/Ca analyses --- offshore groundwater exploration --- coastal aquifers --- salt-/fresh-water relationship --- Mediterranean Sea --- Attica-Greece --- cleaning protocol --- unconsolidated core sediments --- climate reconstruction --- synchrotron X-ray microtomography (SμCT) --- foraminiferal-based proxies --- BTEX natural attenuation --- hydro-stratigraphy --- multi-layered aquifer --- Thriassion Plain --- confined and unconfined aquifer --- coastal aquifer --- Gulf of Eleusis --- ocean paleodensity --- Atlantic Meridional Circulation (AMOC) --- planktonic foraminiferal biogeography --- surface sediments --- morphometrics --- shell size --- environmental biomonitoring --- ecological optimum conditions --- primary productivity --- depth habitat preference --- cryptic speciation --- central Mediterranean hydrodynamics --- sea level fluctuations --- soluble substances --- coastal environment change --- diatom --- geochemical elements --- n/a

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This book celebrates the ten-year anniversary of the Barcelona Expert Center by presenting recent contributions related to the topics on which the team has been working during these years. The Barcelona Expert Center expertise covers a wide variety of remote sensing fields, but the main focus of the research is on the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) data processing and its ocean, land, and ice applications. This book contains 14 scientific papers addressing topics that range from the description of the new data processing algorithms that are implemented in the last version of the operational SMOS Level 1 processor, to scientific applications derived from SMOS: results on the sea surface salinity assimilation in coastal models; synergies of the sea surface salinity with temperature and chlorophyll, and their impact on the better retrieval of ocean surface currents; quality assessment of SMOS derived sea ice thickness; sea surface salinity; and soil moisture products, among others. Moreover, one of the papers verifies the potential of the future CIMR mission within the CMEMS SSS operational production after the SMOS era.

Research & information: general --- Geography --- soil moisture --- root zone --- SMAP --- SMOS --- MODIS --- climatology --- trends --- signal decomposition --- interferometric radiometry --- image reconstruction --- error correction --- surface currents --- mediterranean sea --- satellite altimetry --- sea surface temperature --- sea surface salinity --- BEC SMOS products --- Mediterranean Sea --- Algerian Basin --- ABACUS gliders --- microwave remote sensing --- CIMR --- copernicus marine service --- satellite observations --- tidal currents --- internal tides --- data assimilation --- 4D-Var --- Congo River plume --- satellite salinity --- Angola Basin --- ROMS --- moisture variability --- temporal dynamics --- moisture patterns --- spatial disaggregation --- Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) --- Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) --- REMEDHUS --- L-band radiometry --- Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission --- sea ice thickness --- retrieval model validation --- upward looking sonar --- Arctic --- altimetry --- surface quasi-geostrophic equations --- remote sensing --- ocean color --- data fusion --- data merging --- physical oceanography --- singularity analysis --- faraday rotation angle (FRA) --- vertical total electron content (VTEC) --- L-band --- radiometry --- Interferometry --- ocean salinity (SMOS) --- calibration --- reprocessing --- BEC --- oceanography --- cryosphere --- processing --- sensor calibration

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Coastal regions are susceptible to rapid changes, as they constitute the boundary between the land and the sea. The resilience of a particular segment of coast depends on many factors, including climate change, sea-level changes, natural and technological hazards, extraction of natural resources, population growth, and tourism. Recent research highlights the strong capabilities for remote sensing applications to monitor, inventory, and analyze the coastal environment. This book contains 12 high-quality and innovative scientific papers that explore, evaluate, and implement the use of remote sensing sensors within both natural and built coastal environments.

Research & information: general --- big data applications --- data processing --- data visualization --- neural networks --- reduction --- coastal waters --- urban expansion --- remote sensing and GIS --- expansion types and rates --- major explanatory factors --- Miami metropolitan area --- cliff coastlines --- cliff retreat --- time-series analysis --- airborne laser scanner --- warm upwelling --- sea surface temperature --- numerical modelling --- winter --- southern Baltic Sea --- beach monitoring --- mobile terrestrial LiDAR --- intensity calibration --- beach surface moisture --- Baltic coast --- Poland --- CORINE Land Cover --- land cover flow --- urbanisation --- afforestation --- deforestation --- spatial analysis --- SDGs --- coastal habitats --- ecosystem monitoring --- land cover mapping --- random forest algorithm --- Sentinel-2 --- modified soil-adjusted vegetation index 2–MSAVI2 --- normalized difference water index 2–NDWI2 --- brightness index 2–BI2 --- oil spill --- remote sensing --- review --- machine learning --- deep learning --- trajectory modeling --- vulnerability assessment --- coastal geomorphology --- shoreline change --- coastal process --- monitoring --- geomatic techniques --- Po River Delta --- archival multi-temporal data --- coastline changes --- emerged/submerged surfaces --- land subsidence --- relative sea level rise 2100 --- land cover --- dune coast --- air photograph --- South Baltic Sea --- coastal monitoring --- estuaries --- IoT --- lidar --- n/a --- modified soil-adjusted vegetation index 2-MSAVI2 --- normalized difference water index 2-NDWI2 --- brightness index 2-BI2