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The consumption of fruits, vegetables, herbs, spices, etc., is thought to be associated with reduced risk for many human diseases, including cancers. Recently, significant advances have been made in evaluating the efficacy of natural products (compounds from natural sources) against human diseases. The purpose of this Special Issue, “Natural Products and Disease Prevention, Relief and Treatment", was to collect manuscripts concerning natural products for treating human diseases. Consequently, we have collected several high-quality manuscripts that focus on the molecular mechanisms of natural products, including their anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antifibrotic, and anticancer effects, as well as other health beneficial effects across a wide range of human diseases. Overall, this Special Issue is an excellent source for information on promising natural products for future preclinical and clinical research into multiple diseases.

Medicine --- Pharmacology --- Rubi Fructus --- Rubus coreanus --- lipopolysaccharide --- macrophage --- ER stress --- calcium --- chop --- STAT --- cytokine --- nitric oxide --- β-glucan --- anticancer activity --- antioxidant --- anti-inflammatory --- cyclooxygenase --- lipoxygenase --- cauliflower mushroom --- breast cancer --- Spirulina --- tocotrienol --- immunomodulatory --- synergistic --- metastasis --- YG-1 extract --- bronchodilation --- fine particulate matter (PM2.5) --- acute lung injury --- airway inflammation --- pancreatic cancer --- natural product --- traditional medicine --- apoptosis --- angiogenesis --- drug resistance --- inflammation --- interleukin-6 --- sepsis --- Dracocephalum moldavica --- NASH --- lactoferrin --- fibrosis --- hepatocarcinogenesis --- connexin --- brown algae --- Sargassum plagiophyllum --- constipation --- gastrointestinal transit --- gut microbiota --- transepithelial transport --- glaucoma --- herbs --- retinal ganglion cells --- intraocular pressure --- SLC22A12 --- quercetin --- fisetin --- uricosuric activity --- anti-hyperuricemia --- functional food --- transporter --- uric acid --- health promotion --- rooibos tea --- doxorubicin --- mokko lactone --- heart --- Mokko lactone --- Dracocephalum moldavica ethanol extract --- Sparassis crispa --- fisetin and quercetin --- Sargassum plagiophyllum extract

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Algae have been used since ancient times as food for humans, animal feed, agricultural fertilizer, and as a source of substances for therapeutic use. Currently, seaweed represents a vast source of raw materials used in the pharmaceutical, food, traditional medicine, and cosmetics industries. They are nutritionally valuable, both fresh and dried, or as ingredients in a wide variety of pre-made foods. In particular, seaweed contains significant amounts of protein, lipids, minerals, and vitamins. Information is limited on the role of algae and their metabolites in therapy. Only a few taxa have been studied for use in medicine. Many traditional cultures report the healing powers of selected algae in tropical and subtropical marine forms. This is especially true in the maritime areas of Asia, where the sea plays a significant role in daily activities. However, currently, only a few genera and species of algae are involved in aspects of medicine and therapy. The beneficial uses of seaweed or seaweed products include those that can mimic specific manifestations of human disease, production of antibiotic compounds, or improved human nutrition.

alginate --- minerals --- n/a --- edible seaweed --- macro algae --- Mycoplasma pneumoniae --- nutritional value --- seaweeds --- low molecular weight fucoidan --- osteoblast --- huBM-MSC --- ulvan --- HDL-C --- diffusion model --- adjuvant --- phlorotannin --- chlorophylls --- alkaline phosphatase --- raw laver --- heavy metals adsorption --- quantification --- colorectal cancer --- microbial risk --- processing technology --- anticoagulant activity --- isolation --- keratinocytes --- Black Sea --- Osmundea pinnatifida --- marine algae --- feed --- antigen-specific antibody --- bromophenols --- Ulva rigida --- carotenoids --- natural resources --- LDL-C --- functional substance --- agriculture --- particulate matter --- processed laver product --- reactive oxygen species --- health functionality --- cancer stem cells --- cytotoxicity --- HPLC --- omics-based technology --- Sargassum muticum --- TC reduction --- FTIR-ATR --- chemical risk --- enzymatic extracts --- n-3 PUFAs --- mono and polysaccharides --- health --- chemical sulfation --- food --- TC --- NMR --- TG --- carrageenan --- antitumour activity --- NK cell --- Cystoseira barbata --- EPA --- phlorofucofuroeckol A --- Ecklonia cava --- macroalgae/seaweed

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This book “Oxidative Stress Modulators and Functional Foods” is focused on the antioxidant role of natural products, involving their ability to modulate oxidative stress and/or reverse disease studied both in vitro and in animal models. Additionally, the molecular mechanisms of these actions and the modulation of signalling pathways related to inflammation, apoptosis, and survival response in the redox system by natural products are included.

Medicine --- Pharmaceutical industries --- high sugar-fat diet --- obesity --- β-adrenergic system --- cardiac dysfunction --- lycopene --- tomato-oleoresin --- coumarin --- pteryxin --- HO-1 --- Nrf2 --- oxidative stress --- Peucedanum japonicum Thunb --- RAW264.7 cells --- polysaccharide --- jujube pomace --- structural analysis --- antioxidant activity --- epigallocatechin-gallate --- liposomes --- diabetes mellitus --- antioxidant --- dendrimer --- electronic effect --- hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) --- single electron transfer-proton transfer (SET-PT) --- sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET) --- DPPH --- ultraviolet B --- gradient ethanol precipitation --- fucoidan --- HaCaT keratinocyte --- heme oxygenase-1 --- nutricosmetic --- folic acid --- nitric oxide --- neural tube defects --- NOR3 --- ESR --- LC/MS --- Benzo[a]pyrene --- myricetin --- BPDE-DNA adduct --- phase detoxifying enzyme --- Quamoclit angulata --- type 2 diabetes --- kidney damage --- inflammation --- apoptosis --- fibrosis --- Sargassum horneri --- (–)-loliolide --- fine dust --- HaCaT --- bilberry --- lingonberry --- polyphenols --- antioxidant compounds --- antimicrobial activity --- antimutagenicity --- altitude variations --- mitochondria --- neurodegeneration --- nutrient --- QM-ORSA --- antioxidative mechanisms --- reaction rate constants --- physiological conditions --- zebrafish embryo --- in vivo model --- antioxidant effect --- cudratrixanthone O --- reactive oxygen species --- nuclear transcription factor erythroid-2-like factor 2 --- hemeoxygenase-1 --- n/a --- (-)-loliolide

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The purpose of this book was not to provide a comprehensive overview of the vast arena of how fungi and fungal metabolites are able to improve human and animal nutrition and health; rather, we, as Guest Editors, wished to encourage authors working in this field to publish their most recent work in this rapidly growing journal in order for the large readership to appreciate the full potential of wonderful and beneficial fungi. Thus, this Special Issue welcomed scientific contributions on applications of fungi and fungal metabolites, such as bioactive fatty acids, pigments, polysaccharides, alkaloids, terpenoids, etc., with great potential in human and animal nutrition and health.

Technology: general issues --- fungal pigment --- natural dye --- spalting --- Scytalidium cuboideum --- dramada --- sustainable clothing --- selenium --- biofortification --- transporters --- mycorrhizal fungi --- plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) --- fungal pigments --- textile dyeing --- toxicity testing --- biotechnological approaches --- challenges --- limits --- Saccharomyces boulardii --- Saccharomyces cerevisiae --- probiotics --- gastrointestinal tract --- Alginate --- β-glucan --- oligosaccharides --- elicitation --- Sargassum species --- Sparassis latifolia --- polyphenol --- antioxidant --- agave mezcalero bagasse --- apple bagasse --- solid-state fermentation --- secondary metabolites --- Pleurotus ostreatus --- Endophytic fungi --- Hyptis dilatata --- Pestalotiopsis mangiferae --- Pestalotiopsis microspora --- chemical elicitors --- antibacterial activity --- LC–ESI–Q–TOF–MS --- yeast --- biological control --- postharvest decay --- fruit --- mycorrhizae --- elevated CO2 --- Thymus vulgare --- growth --- photosynthesis --- metabolites --- biological activity --- Candida albicans --- non-albicans Candida species --- Candida auris --- aromatic alcohols --- fungi --- metabolomics --- NTCD --- additives --- functional foods --- nutraceuticals --- sustainability --- healthy aging --- Mortierella alpina --- animal fat by-product --- arachidonic acid --- ATR-FTIR spectroscopy --- Mucor circinelloides --- high-throughput screening --- metal ions --- phosphorus --- lipids --- biofuel --- FTIR spectroscopy --- bioremediation --- co-production --- natural colorants --- filamentous fungi --- stirred-tank bioreactor --- biodegradable films --- food package --- bioactive compounds --- FIP --- human health --- immunomodulation --- induced apoptosis --- lectin --- medicinal mushrooms --- polysaccharide --- terpenes and terpenoids --- melanin --- carotenoids --- polyketides --- azaphilones --- antitumor --- medical roles --- sphinganine-analog mycotoxins --- fumonisins --- AAL-toxin --- chemical structure --- toxicity --- genetics and evolution --- biosynthesis --- livestock --- ewes --- energy --- cytokines --- yeasts --- liquid swine diets --- MALDI-TOF --- biochemical identification --- growth temperature Ancom Gas Production System --- Candida krusei --- Candida lambica --- M. purpureus --- red yeast rice --- cholesterol reduction --- probiotic potential --- natural colorant --- extraction ability --- marine fungi --- Talaromyces albobiverticillius --- aqueous two-phases system extraction --- ionic liquids --- feed additive --- probiotic --- Sporidiobolus ruineniae --- tannase --- micro-fungi --- macro-fungi --- Ganoderma --- kombucha --- anticancer --- carotenoid --- medicinal mushroom --- mycobiome --- antimicrobial --- antifungal --- bioconversion --- cheese --- dairy --- Sclerotinia --- secondary metabolite --- endophytic fungi --- uncommon secondary metabolites