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The quality of water is not only a technological and scientific issue, but a social and economic problem, in both developed and developing countries. Besides local regulations, which differ between regions and need constant upgrades, significant scientific developments are required in both the detection and removal of water contaminants. This Issue focuses on some recent advancements in the photocatalytic removal of organic pollutants, which is one of the aspects of the problem that involves the need of advanced catalysts and implies significant advancements in the field of materials science and chemical engineering.

History of engineering & technology --- indigo carmine --- resin --- Dielectric Barrier Discharge --- adsorption --- regeneration --- anatase/brookite biphasic --- nitrogen-doping --- sol-gel method --- visible light photocatalysis --- degradation of dyes --- polyaniline --- titanium dioxide --- copper(II) oxide --- cobalt oxide(II,III) --- photocatalytic fuel cell --- graphitic carbon nitride --- Fe doping --- Z-scheme --- strontium aluminates --- dye photodecomposition --- hydrothermal reaction --- sol–gel method --- phosphorescence --- photocatalytic decomposition of rhodamine B --- MIL-53(Fe) --- Ni/Fe-MOF --- visible light irradiation --- n/a

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Optofluidic devices are of high scientific and industrial interest in chemistry, biology, material science, pharmacy, and medicine. In recent years, they have experienced strong development because of impressive achievements in the synergistic combination of photonics and micro/nanofluidics. Sensing and/or lasing platforms showing unprecedented sensitivities in extremely small analyte volumes, and allowing real-time analysis within a lab-on-a-chip approach, have been developed. They are based on the interaction of fluids with evanescent waves induced at the surface of metallic or photonic structures, on the implementation of microcavities to induce optical resonances in the fluid medium, or on other interactions of the microfluidic systems with light. In this context, a large variety of optofluidic devices has emerged, covering topics such as cell manipulation, microfabrication, water purification, energy production, catalytic reactions, microparticle sorting, micro-imaging, or bio-sensing. Moreover, the integration of these optofluidic devices in larger electro-optic platforms represents a highly valuable improvement towards advanced applications, such as those based on surface plasmon resonances that are already on the market. In this Special Issue, we invited the scientific community working in this rapidly evolving field to publish recent research and/or review papers on these optofluidic devices and their applications.

History of engineering & technology --- opto-fluidics --- micro-manipulation --- cells --- microparticles --- electrowetting display --- aperture ratio --- driving waveform --- hysteresis characteristic --- ink distribution --- response speed --- optofluidics --- ocean monitoring --- colorimetric method --- optoelectrokinetics --- optically-induced dielectrophoresis --- micro/nanomaterials --- separation --- fabrication --- electro-fluidic display --- organic dye --- colored oil --- photo-stability --- micro-thermometry --- laser induced fluorescence --- droplet microfluidics --- zinc oxide --- rhodamine B --- rhodamine 6G --- photocatalysis --- microreactor --- photocatalytic water purification --- paper --- 3D hydrodynamic focusing --- optofluidic --- lab-on-a-chip --- biosensor --- microscale channel --- microfluidic --- liquid-core waveguide --- single layer --- reservoir effect --- sensor --- surface plasmon resonance --- nanohole array --- mechanical properties --- nanofluidic --- nanoplasmonic --- dissolved oxygen --- silver nanoprisms --- colorimetry --- n/a

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Photoactivity represents the ability of a material, generally speaking a semiconductor, to become active when interacting with light. It can be declined in many ways, and several functionalities arising from this behavior of materials can be exploited, all leading to positive repercussions on our environment. There are several classes of effects of photoactivity, all of which have been deeply investigated in the last few decades, allowing to develop more and more efficient materials and devices. All of them share a common point, that is, the interaction of a material with light, although many different materials are taken into account depending on the effect desired—from elemental semiconductors like silicon, to more complex compounds like CdTe or GaAs, to metal oxides like TiO2 and ZnO. Given the broadness of the field, a huge number of works fall within this topic, and new areas of discovery are constantly explored. The special issue “Novel Photoactive Materials” has been proposed as a means to present recent developments in the field, and for this reason the articles included touch different aspects of photoactivity, from photocatalysis to photovoltaics to light emitting materials.

photo-oxidation --- silver phosphate --- low power white-light LED irradiation --- artificial rain --- density functional theory (DFT) --- degradation --- photocatalytic --- hybrid nanomaterials --- band gap modification --- photodeposition --- perovskite solar cell --- titanium oxide --- titanium(IV) oxo-clusters --- photo-oxidative degradation --- confocal microscope --- composite materials --- 4-chlorophenol --- anodizing --- broadband spectra --- photoactivity --- durability --- bio-based substances --- photo Fenton --- crystallinity --- nanostructured materials --- hydrothermal --- TiO2 --- advanced oxidation processes --- charge dynamics --- mechanical property --- CH3 --- metal-halides perovskites --- DFT calculations --- sol-gel --- caffeine --- CuxO-ZnO catalyst --- water-repellency --- photocatalysis --- stone protection --- surfactant --- photovoltaics --- photoluminescence --- hydrothermal synthesis --- UV ageing --- Fe/N-TiO2 --- visible-light --- rhodamine B --- alkylalkoxysilane --- electron transport material --- organometal --- magnetic materials --- titanium dioxide --- ZnO --- organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) --- toluene --- TiO2 nanoparticles

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Natural products are bioactive compounds synthesized by terrestrial and marine plants, microorganisms and animals, whose main objective is to prevent them from attacks by predators and/or pathogens. Traditionally since ancient times, different cultures have used these compounds for the prevention and treatment of various human diseases. During the last few years, it has been reported that most of these phytochemicals possess a variety of interesting and significant biological properties, such as analgesic, antiallodynic, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antiparasitic, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antitumor and normal growth stimulants, as well as significant cardioprotective and neuroprotective activity. This thematic book aims to collect and disseminate some of the most significant and recent contributions of the use of the natural compounds called phytochemicals, as well as some of their chemical derivatives, for the prevention and treatment of cancer and other accompanying diseases. On the other hand, in recent years, the synthesis of numerous chemical derivatives of these natural compounds has also intensified, with the aim of enhancing their bioactive capacities. Among all these bioactivities, special attention has been paid to its antitumor capacity through the potential modulation of cancer initiation and growth, cell differentiation, apoptosis and autophagy, angiogenesis, and metastatic dissemination. In addition, a considerable number of studies have linked their anticancer effects to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.

Research & information: general --- total phenolic content --- total flavonoid content --- GC-MS --- DPPH --- antioxidant --- anticancer agent --- anti-inflammatory agent --- gingival fibroblasts --- oral cancer --- natural extract --- Adenosma bracteosum --- extract --- anti-cancer --- cell line --- isolated compounds --- caspase-3 --- bioactive compounds --- metabolites --- wine --- grapes --- breast cancer --- chemoprevention --- chemotherapy --- squamous cell carcinoma --- Moringa oleifera --- 3-hydroxy-β-ionone --- antioxidant activity --- antioxidant enzymes --- anti-proliferative activity --- maslinic acid --- melanoma --- Olea europaea L. --- ROS levels --- photodynamic therapy --- cancer --- photosensitiser --- natural compounds --- Elaeagnus angustifolia --- EMT --- apoptosis --- AKT/PI3K signaling pathway --- human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells --- migration activity --- proliferation --- oxidative stress --- ROS level --- uvaol --- lung metastases --- in vivo --- complementary medicine --- medicinal mushrooms --- triterpenoic acid --- tormentic acid --- betulinic acid --- oleanolic acid --- rhodamine B --- cytotoxicity --- hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) --- Pogostemon cablin (PPa extract) --- cell cycle --- synergism --- natural photosensitive compounds --- anticancer activity --- hypericin --- emodin --- quinizarin --- danthron --- interaction --- DNA --- glioblastoma (GBM) --- lactucopicrin (LCTP) --- temozolomide (TMZ) --- autophagy --- NF-κB --- p62/SQSM1 --- natural product --- therapeutic triglyceride --- xenograft study --- Caveolin-1 --- actin cytoskeleton --- betulin glycoconjugates --- click chemistry --- 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition --- n/a