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This book, Green Concrete for a Better Sustainable Environment, aims to cover recent advances in the development of green concrete solutions and discuss the best ways to leverage opportunities in this domain. Concrete can be described as green concrete if it has one of the following features; it uses waste material as at least one of its components, its production process does not lead to environmental destruction, or it has high performance and life cycle sustainability. At present, natural resources are running out. Cement and concrete made from industrial and construction waste can be regarded as valuable resources for civil infrastructure construction. Green concrete will not only contribute to a circular economy, but can also help to reduce the amount of embodied energy and CO2 emissions associated with cement manufacturing and aggregate quarrying. Using green concrete can also mitigate the environmental threats associated with industrial waste materials. This book covers the theoretical, experimental, applied and modelling research studies on the materials, products and structures related to sustainable cement-based composites.

History of engineering & technology --- recycled aggregate concrete --- shrinkage and creep --- attached mortar --- prediction model --- construction and demolition wastes --- resource utilization --- recycled concrete hollow block --- masonry walls --- seismic performance --- steel frame --- infilled shear walls --- semi-rigid connection --- seismic behavior --- MSWI bottom ash --- concrete --- sulfate attack --- capillary transport --- crystallization --- husk mortar wallboard --- experiment --- lateral strength --- strain --- failure load --- full replacement ratio --- section steel and RAC --- bond behavior --- SRRC (Steel Reinforced Recycled Concrete) --- bond strength --- bond slip --- numerical simulation --- salt --- NaCl --- asphalt concrete --- freeze–thaw cycles --- winter road --- industrial waste --- sustainable concrete --- recycled expanded glass --- n/a --- freeze-thaw cycles

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This book is the result of a Special Issue published in Applied Sciences, entitled “New Trends in Recycled Aggregate Concrete"". It identifies emerging research areas within the field of recycled aggregate concrete and contributes to the increased use of this eco-efficient material.Its contents are organised in the following sections: Upscaling the use of recycled aggregate concrete in structural design; Large scale applications of recycled aggregate concrete; Long-term behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete; Performance of recycled aggregate concrete in very aggressive environments; Reliability of recycled aggregate concrete structures; Life cycle assessment of recycled aggregate concrete; New applications of recycled aggregate concrete.

crushing --- heavyweight waste glass --- n/a --- recycled aggregate quality --- seismic load --- microstructure --- construction waste --- permeability --- bond strength --- seismic performance --- aggregate interlock mechanism --- recycled concrete aggregates --- compressive strength --- crumb rubber --- cellular concrete --- model --- cyclic load --- recycled aggregate --- crushed glass --- models --- recycled aggregate concrete --- reactive power concrete --- recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) --- energy absorbing --- creep --- elevated temperature --- fiber-reinforced concrete --- size effect --- recycled concrete aggregate --- geological nature of aggregates --- mechanical properties --- recycled concrete --- artificial neural networks --- recycled aggregates --- steel fibre --- quality of aggregates --- aggregates --- foam stability --- ceramic foam --- durable characteristics --- nylon fiber --- concrete --- mechanical characteristics --- strain rate --- steel reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (SRRAC) --- dynamic mechanical property --- concrete sludge fines --- water absorption --- columns --- environmental impact --- blast-furnace slag --- input variable --- tensile splitting strength --- aggregate --- returned concrete --- reinforced concrete member --- variable sensitivity --- soil stabilization --- numerical analysis --- shear behavior --- fly-ash --- modulus --- life cycle assessment --- foam structure --- silica fume --- recycling --- recycled coarse aggregate concrete --- ready-mixed concrete --- foam concrete --- flexural behavior --- mixture proportioning --- aggregate characteristic --- residual properties --- CT --- reinforced concrete --- shrinkage

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This book is dedicated to “High-Performance Eco-Efficient Concrete” and concrete fatigue behavior, more sustainable construction materials, capable of complying with quality standards and current innovation policies, aimed at saving natural resources and reducing global pollution. The development of self-compacting concretes with electric arc furnace slags is a further achievement. In addition, the technical and economic viability of using coarse recycled aggregates from crushed concrete in shotcrete, enhanced quality and reduced on-site construction time are the basic features of prefabricated bridge elements and systems, biomass bottom ash as aluminosilicate precursor and phosphogypsum were discussed. On the other hand, basalt fiber improving the mechanical properties and durability of reactive powder concrete, alkali-activated slag and high-volume fly ash and the potential of phosphogypsum as secondary raw material in construction industry, the effects of fly ash on the diffusion, bonding, and microproperties of chloride penetration in concrete were studied. Increasing amounts of sustainable concretes are being used as society becomes more aware of the environment. Finally, the circular economy as an economic model of production and consumption that involves reusing, repairing, refurbishing, and recycling materials after their service life are presented in this book.

Technology: general issues --- high-frequency fatigue test --- recycled aggregate --- recycled aggregate concrete --- fatigue --- Locati test --- electric arc furnace slags --- mechanical properties --- durability --- self-compacting concrete --- high-performance concrete --- EAFS --- cupola slag --- electric arc furnace slag --- shotcrete --- deep tunnels --- convergence-confinement method --- coarse recycled concrete aggregate --- dry-mix process --- prefabricated --- bridge deck --- prestressed --- UHPC --- sustainable --- biomass bottom ash --- phosphogypsum --- alkali activated fine-grained concrete --- reactive powder concrete --- basalt fiber --- chloride-salt corrosion --- freeze–thaw durability --- alkali-activated concrete --- shrinkage --- cracking --- internal curing --- metakaolin --- ternary binder --- high performance --- strength --- foam --- lightweight material --- thermal conductivity --- fly ash --- carbon dioxide emission --- chloride diffusion --- binding capacity of chlorine --- HVFA --- RAC --- sustainable building --- reinforced concrete --- corrosion of concrete --- fiber-reinforced --- natural fibers --- bamboo --- sustainable mortar --- mechanical characterization --- by-products --- toughness --- recycled concrete --- low clinker cement --- precast --- physical properties --- New Jersey barriers --- recycled aggregates --- recycled mortar --- construction and demolition waste --- decontaminating --- photocatalysis --- glass powder --- green cements --- slag-pozzolanic cement --- CEM V --- tunnel spoil recycling --- high durability --- n/a --- freeze-thaw durability

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Cement and lime currently are the most common binders in building materials. However, alternative materials and methods are needed to overcome the functional limitations and environmental footprint of conventional products. This Special Issue dedicated to “New frontiers in cementitious and lime-based materials and composites” gathers selected reviews and experimental articles that showcase the most recent trends in this multidisciplinary field. Authoritative contributions from all around the world provide important insights into all areas of research related to cementitious and lime-based materials and composites, spanning from structural engineering to geotechnics, including materials science and processing technology. This Topical Collection is intended to foster innovation and help researchers and developers to identify new solutions for a more sustainable and functional built environment.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- durability --- hardened properties --- green composite --- fresh properties --- recycled concrete aggregates --- natural coarse aggregates --- enzyme-induced calcite precipitation --- microbial-induced calcite precipitation --- geotechnical engineering --- geoenvironmental engineering --- precast concrete wall --- interfacial bonding strength --- joint concrete --- interface processing --- washed rough surface --- roughness --- storage time --- cement mortar --- End-of-Life Tyre --- waste --- surface treatment --- compressive strength --- flexural strength --- workability --- fly ash --- freezing shaft sinking --- shaft lining structure --- uneven pressure --- hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete --- crack --- autogenous self-healing --- curing conditions --- supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) --- GRC-PC --- integrated wall panels --- composite method --- shrinkage properties --- dissipation energy density --- high-strength concrete --- Weibull distribution --- damage mechanics --- constitutive model --- repeated impact --- ACI 544-2R --- high temperatures --- fire --- residual strength --- lime-cement mortar --- air-entrained agent --- heritage conservation --- reconstruction and restoration of historical buildings --- properties --- mechanical --- electrical resistivity --- ecofriendly ternary concrete --- SCBA --- SF --- coastal cemented soil --- nano silica --- iron tailings --- mechanical properties --- microscopic mechanism --- granite dust --- stabilizer --- particle size --- plasticity --- unconfined compression strength --- cement --- lime --- sustainable materials --- fibre-reinforced composite --- recycled aggregates

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Construction materials are the most widely used materials for civil infrastructure in our daily lives. However, from an environmental point of view, they consume a huge amount of natural resources and generate the majority of greenhouse gasses. Therefore, many new and novel technologies for designing environmentally friendly construction materials have been developed recently. This Special Issue, “Environment-Friendly Construction Materials”, has been proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of construction materials. It covers a wide range of selected topics on construction materials.

fluorescence spectrum --- microstructure --- regeneration --- sensitivity analysis --- asphalt mixes --- limestone aggregates --- bio-oil --- plateau value of dissipated strain energy ratio --- diatomite --- water-leaching pretreatment --- fatigue performance --- ultra-thin wearing course --- recycling aggregate --- design optimization --- induction heating --- vibration noise consumption --- bitumen --- relaxation --- viscous-elastic temperature --- field evaluation --- healing agents --- transmittance --- Ca-alginate microcapsules --- artificially aged asphalt mixture --- sequencing batch Chlorella reactor --- waste concrete --- plant ash lixivium --- steel fiber --- ultra-high performance concrete --- titanate coupling agent --- SEM --- self-healing --- physical properties --- porous pumice --- thermal–mechanical properties --- aggregate morphology --- asphalt mortar --- adhesion energy --- styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) modified bitumen --- water solute exposure --- emulsified asphalt --- demulsification speed --- mineral-asphalt mixtures --- aging processes --- phase change materials --- surface texture --- long-term drying shrinkage --- contact angle --- aging depth --- asphalt --- calcium alginate capsules --- nitrogen and phosphorus removal --- micro-morphology --- rice husk ash --- low-temperature --- cement --- hydrophobic nanosilica --- asphalt mixture --- thickness combinations --- layered double hydroxide --- initial self-healing temperature --- environmentally friendly construction materials --- epoxidized soybean oil --- limestone --- chemical evolutions --- temperature sensitivity characteristics --- micro-surfacing --- cement emulsified asphalt mixture --- dynamic characteristics --- high-strength concrete --- flame retardant --- durability --- creep --- damping --- damage constitutive model --- Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) --- granite aggregate --- diatomite-modified asphalt mixture --- healing model --- asphalt combustion --- freeze-thaw cycle --- SBS-modified bitumen --- workability --- graphene --- flow behavior index --- fluidity --- parametrization --- fatigue property --- rankinite --- railway application --- crystallization sensitivity --- aqueous solute compositions --- pozzolanic reaction --- self-healing asphalt --- recycled material --- artificial neural network --- rheological properties --- molecular dynamic simulation --- building envelopes --- aluminum hydroxide --- crumb rubber --- optimization --- viscoelasticity --- building energy conservation --- diffusing --- anti-rutting agent --- molecular bridge --- engineered cementitious composites (ECC) --- pavement performance --- morphology --- colloidal structure --- hydrophilic nanosilica --- construction materials --- road engineering --- laboratory evaluation --- rejuvenator --- fatigue equation --- aggregates --- three-point bending fatigue test --- energy-based approach --- aggregate from sanitary ceramic wastes --- polyacrylic acid --- mastic --- CO2 --- specific surface area --- aggregate image measurement system --- solubilizer --- flexibility --- simplex lattice design --- SBS/CRP-modified bitumen --- water stability --- fatigue life --- rejuvenating systems --- skid-resistance --- reclaimed asphalt pavement --- rheology --- hydration characteristic --- surface energy --- modified asphalt materials --- asphalt pavement --- stripping test --- SOD --- tensile stresses --- ultraviolet radiation --- basalt fiber --- “blue-shift” --- polyvinyl alcohol --- sanitary ceramics --- dynamic moduli --- aggregate characteristics --- compound modify --- expanded graphite --- steel slag --- induced healing --- thermal property --- effective heating depth --- dissipated strain energy --- MDA --- mechanical behavior --- plateau value of permanent deformation ratio --- long-term field service --- crack healing --- desulphurization gypsum residues --- pavement failure --- rejuvenation --- interfacial transition zone --- combination --- polyethylene glycol --- adsorption --- tensile strains --- cold recycled asphalt mixture --- resistance to deformations --- asphalt-aggregate adhesion --- viscoelastic properties --- damage evolution --- carbonation --- microwave heating --- amorphous silica --- high-modulus asphalt mixture (HMAM) --- hot mix asphalt containing recycled concrete aggregate --- microfluidic --- dynamic responses --- concrete --- asphalt mastic --- crumb rubber powder --- response surface methodology --- nanomaterial --- self-compacting concrete (SCC) --- rutting factor --- X-ray computed tomography --- fiber modification --- overlay tester --- rubber modified asphalt --- ageing --- aged bitumen --- aged asphalt --- recycling --- damage characteristics --- dynamic tests --- permeation --- ageing resistance