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This book entitled “Protein Crystallization under the Presence of an Electric Field” covers recent trends and original contributions on the use of electric fields (internal and external) for applications for nucleation control and the effect on the kinetics of crystallization processes. This book also includes basic strategies for growing crystals of biological macromolecules for characterization via X-ray and neutron diffraction as well as using modern X-ray-free electron-lasers. There are six main topics covered on this book, including recent insights into the crystallization process from nucleation and growth peculiarities, when using different kinds of electric fields; the effect of external electric fields on the kinetics of the dislocation-free growth of model proteins; the use of very strong external electric fields for the crystallization of a model protein glucose isomerase; and the use of alternant electric fields using different kinds of pulses and their combination with strong magnetic fields. There are also contributions related to applications in developing electron-transfer devices as well as graphene-based platforms for electrocrystallization and in situ X-ray diffraction characterization.

porous silicon --- silanes --- microbatch method --- growth kinetics --- impact of electric fields on the protein crystallization --- cytochrome C nucleation and crystallization --- protein infiltration --- I–V characteristics --- electric fields --- number density --- protein crystallization --- protein crystals --- electron-transfer biomolecular devices --- external DC electric field --- classical and two-step nucleation mechanisms --- macromolecular crystallography --- in situ diffraction --- external and internal electric fields --- size and quality of protein crystals --- lysozyme --- magnetic fields --- electrical properties --- gel-growth --- crystal growth in solution --- electric field --- pulse-wave --- crystal quality --- crystallization --- serial crystallography --- microfluidics --- electrocrystallization

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This special issue of JCM ‘The Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis’ will walk the Readers across novel diagnostic achievements in atherosclerosis and contemporary actions towards optimizing therapy.Everything begins with diagnosis. Accurate diagnostic tools and tests are of utmost importance. Contemporary research on microparticles, non-coding RNAs, proteomic characterization, …, offers detailed molecular characteristics of athero-thrombosis.Prevention is equally important as treatment. The impact of eating habits in prophylaxis of many pathologies, including cardiovascular disease has been documented.Then new pharmacological agents. Managing hypercholesterolemia with PCSK9 inhibitors, shown great potential in efficient lipid lowering to achieve LDL-C treatment goals, as well as reduction in cardiovascular mortality and morbidity.However, therapeutic goals accomplishment requires supervision. Arising number of data support that cardiovascular risk prediction can be improved with imaging modalities displaying atheroma: carotid plaque ultrasonography, coronary calcium score, intravascular ultrasonography, and optical coherent tomography or many others.As atherosclerosis is a progressive disease, it comes the time for more radical management, including endovascular and surgical intervention. There is field for new stent and equipment technologies, new surgical and endovascular techniques, supervision of endovascular procedures with IVUS, OCT, functional flow assessment or cell therapy.From diagnosis to risk stratification, elaborated prevention models, finally to modern and optimized therapeutic intervention.

Research & information: general --- familial hypercholesterolemia --- genetic screening --- atherosclerosis prevention --- early detection --- atherosclerosis --- cigarette smoking --- miR-27b --- peripheral artery disease --- subclinical atherosclerosis --- SCORE --- Framingham --- QRISK --- PROCAM --- cardiovascular risk --- pulse wave velocity --- intima media thickness --- malondialdehyde low-density lipoprotein --- high-risk plaque --- coronary computed tomography angiography --- statin --- cardiovascular risk factors --- heart failure --- major cardiac and cerebral ischemic events --- degenerative aortic stenosis --- risk stratification --- vascular resistance --- cardiovascular disease --- acute myocardial infarction --- intravascular imaging --- statins --- control-theoretic model --- logistic growth --- coronary artery disease --- fibrin clot --- fibrinolysis --- thromboembolism --- carotid intima-media complex --- carotid plaque --- major adverse cardiac and cerebral events --- prevention --- scores --- vitamin D --- myocardial infarction --- males --- Coronary Artery Surgery Study Score --- n/a

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This book focuses on new sensing technologies, measurement techniques, and their applications in medicine and healthcare. Specifically, the book briefly describes the potential of smart sensors in the aforementioned applications, collecting 24 articles selected and published in the Special Issue “Smart Sensors for Healthcare and Medical Applications”. We proposed this topic, being aware of the pivotal role that smart sensors can play in the improvement of healthcare services in both acute and chronic conditions as well as in prevention for a healthy life and active aging. The articles selected in this book cover a variety of topics related to the design, validation, and application of smart sensors to healthcare.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- radiation-induced current --- dosimetry --- photodiodes --- phototransistors (MOSFETs) --- photovoltaic sensor --- CCD/CMOS --- cancer nodules detection --- phantom --- stiffness analysis --- ultrasound analysis --- visual analysis --- automatic robotic platform --- remote support for pathologists --- gait analysis --- gait correction --- electrostatic gait signal --- improved Detrended Cross-Correlation Analysis cross-correlation coefficient --- measuring system --- measurements --- contactless --- respiratory rate --- breathing pattern --- ECG electrode swaps --- ECG electrode potentials --- WCT potential change --- reconstructing correct ECG leads --- MSMinv transformation --- unicolor limb–chest electrodes --- torsional wave --- cervix --- pregnancy --- cervical stiffness --- fiber Bragg gratings --- smart textiles --- wearable systems --- cardiac monitoring --- respiratory monitoring --- precision sports --- archery --- body pressure distribution --- air-filled cell --- alternating pressure air mattress --- time of flight --- air flow --- active control system --- mobile EEG recordings --- montage-replaceable headsets --- BCI --- fiber Bragg grating --- plastic optical fiber --- non-invasive measurement --- pulse wave signals --- blood pressure --- partial least squares regression --- people counting --- bi-directional --- motion detection --- time of flight sensor --- force myography --- prosthetic fitting --- regression --- calibration --- error reduction --- linear regression --- random forest --- general regression neural network --- cross-talk --- force sensitive resistor --- MRI --- EMG --- graph theory --- electrical network --- muscle activity --- forearm --- COPD --- oxygen concentrator --- oxygen therapy --- automatic oxygen concentrator --- physical activity --- machine learning --- respiratory medicine --- portable oxygen concentrator --- oxygen delivery --- cerebral palsy --- game-based rehabilitation exercises --- computerized assessment methods --- motion tracking sensors --- Kinect sensor --- EEG --- PPG --- epilepsy --- signal processing --- brain monitoring --- artificial neural network --- predictive analysis --- dietary monitoring --- healthcare --- ring-type biosensor --- personalized digital medicine --- frailty syndrome --- sit-to-stand --- 30-s chair stand test --- wearable sensors --- fetal movement simulator --- fetal movement monitor --- maternal abdomen model --- acoustic sensor --- accelerometer --- piezoelectric diaphragm --- fiber Bragg grating sensors (FBGs) --- functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) --- grasping actions detection --- motor assessment --- MR-compatible measuring systems --- abdominal movement signal --- hypopnea --- LSTM-RNN --- neural network --- oxygen saturation --- sleep apnea syndrome --- sleep–wake detection --- synchrosqueezing transform --- triaxial accelerometer --- thoracic movement signal --- multiple sclerosis --- kinematics --- surface EMG --- accelerator --- inertial sensor --- T10MW --- markerless motion capture --- automatic pushing analysis --- SCI patients --- RGB-D sensors --- respiration monitoring --- non-contact monitoring --- body movements detection --- thermal imaging --- natural sleep environments --- n/a --- unicolor limb-chest electrodes --- sleep-wake detection