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Dans nos sociétés modernes en crise, crise économique, crise des valeurs, l'homme est à la recherche du "paradis perdu" en quête d'un "ailleurs", d'identités sociales multiples, de territoires différents, plus porteurs de sens. L'émergence de "nouveaux" loisirs sportifs, fondamentalement opposés à la conception traditionnelle et "coubertinienne" du sport, permet aujourd'hui, à des pratiquants de plus en plus nombreux - le temps d'une activité sportive de week-end, de petites ou grandes vacances - de devenir des "aventuriers du quotidien" en assouvissant leur besoin de découverte, de plaisir immédiat, d'émotion, de liberté et d'harmonie, de convivialité renouvelée en petits groupes, de nouveaux rapports avec la nature, un besoin à la fois de distinction et de reconnaissance. Les auteurs en prenant l'exemple de quelques pratiques sportives de pleine nature en montagne (escalade, ski de fond, rafting,, canoë-kayak, parapente...) mettent en évidence le poids des représentations, de l'imaginaire, dans le déclenchement de ces pratiques et leur influence sur des comportements plus existentiels, plus individualistes, plus environnementalistes... mais aussi les contradictions de bien de ces comportements et les distances qui pouvaient exister entre le rêve et la réalité. Si ces "nouveaux" loisirs sportifs font la preuve de leur pertinence sociale et de leur puissance économique, alors c'est tout le secteur institutionnel, associatif et marchand, qui est interpellé avec la prise en compte de la nécessaire adaptation de l'offre à la demande, du management des innovations et de la concurrence dont on sait qu'elle opère aujourd'hui à l'échelle internationale.

Sports --- Mountains --- Montagnes --- Sociological aspects --- Recreational use --- Aspect sociologique --- Utilisation pour les loisirs --- Outdoor recreation --- Recreational surveys --- Recreation surveys --- Surveys --- Recreation --- Recreation areas --- Hills --- Mountain peaks --- Mountain ranges --- Mountain ridges --- Mounts (Mountains) --- Orography --- Orology --- Peaks --- Pinnacles --- Ranges, Mountain --- Ridges, Mountain --- Summits (Mountains) --- Uplands --- Mountains - Recreational use - France. --- Outdoor recreation - France. --- Recreational surveys - France. --- pertinence sociale --- puissance économique --- nouveau loisir --- pleine nature --- convivialité --- activité sportive

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Mountains. --- Landscapes. --- Mountain ecology. --- Upland ecology --- Alpine ecology --- Alpine region ecology --- Alpine regions --- Mountains --- Nature --- Countryside --- Landscape --- Natural scenery --- Scenery --- Scenic landscapes --- Uplands --- Hills --- Mountain peaks --- Mountain ranges --- Mountain ridges --- Mounts (Mountains) --- Orography --- Orology --- Peaks --- Pinnacles --- Ranges, Mountain --- Ridges, Mountain --- Summits (Mountains) --- Ecology

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Economic geography --- European Union --- Farms, Small --- Hill farming --- Mountains --- Montagnes --- Statistics --- Economic aspects --- Aspect économique --- Statistiques --- -Hill farming --- -Mountains --- -Hills --- Mountain peaks --- Mountain ranges --- Mountain ridges --- Mounts (Mountains) --- Orography --- Orology --- Peaks --- Pinnacles --- Ranges, Mountain --- Ridges, Mountain --- Summits (Mountains) --- Uplands --- Alpine agriculture --- Alpine farming --- Hill agriculture --- Hillside farming --- Mountain agriculture --- Mountain farming --- Agriculture --- Small farms --- Small holdings (Agriculture) --- Small-scale agriculture --- Farms, Size of --- Family farms --- -Statistics --- Statistics. --- Aspect économique --- Hills --- Economic aspects&delete&

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This volume provides an up-to-date and in-depth summary and analysis of the political practices of pre-Columbian communities of the Araucanians or Mapuche of southcentral Chile and adjacent regions. This synthesis draws upon the empirical record documented in original research, as well as a critical examination of previous studies. By applying both archaeological and ethnohistorical approaches, the latter including ethnography, this volume distinguishes itself from many other studies that explore South American archaeology. Archaeological and traditional-historical narratives of the pre-European past are considered in their own terms and for the extent to which they can be integrated in order to provide a more rounded and realistic understanding than otherwise of the origins and courses of ecological, economic, social and political changes in the south-central Andes from late pre-Hispanic times, through the contact period and up to Chile’s independence from Spain (ca. AD 1450-1810). Both the approach and the results are discussed in the light of similar situations elsewhere.   Throughout its treatment, the volume continually comes back to two central questions: (1) how did the varied practices, institutions, and worldviews of the Mapuche’s ancient communities emerge as a historical process that resisted the Spanish empire for more than 250 years, and (2) how were these communities reproduced and transformed in the face of ongoing culture contact and landscape change during the early Colonial period? These questions are considered in light of contemporary theoretical concepts regarding practice, landscape, environment, social organization, materiality, community, and what the author refers to as a teleoscopic political formation that will make the book relevant for students and scholars interested in similar processes elsewhere.

Andes -- Antiquities. --- Anthropology. --- Archaeology. --- History & Archaeology --- Archaeology --- Andes --- Antiquities. --- Archeology --- Andean Mountain Range --- Andean Mountains --- Andean Range --- Andes Mountain Range --- Andes Mountain Ranges --- Andes Mountains --- Andes Range --- Andes Ranges --- Anti (Mountains) --- Antis (Mountains) --- Cordillera de los Andes --- Los Andes --- The Andes --- Social sciences. --- History. --- Social Sciences. --- History, general. --- Anthropology --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- History --- Antiquities --- Annals --- Human beings --- Primitive societies --- Social sciences --- Araucanía (Chile) --- IX Región (Chile) --- Región IX (Chile) --- Novena Región (Chile) --- 9a Región (Chile) --- Araucanie (Chile)

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For centuries Andean civilization and ecology has afforded a special fascination for European travellers and officials. In this volume, eight writers - anthropologists, economists and historians working in Bolivia, Britain, France, Ireland and Peru - describe and analyse aspects of rural society in various Andean regions. They focus on the impact of capitalist development on both the peasant economy and the landed elite in the Andes and the ways in which that impact has been shaped by a specific Andean culture and a characteristic Andean ecology and climate. Their discussion of Andean specificity centres on the notion of verticality, first developed by John Murra to describe political and economic adaptation to climatic variation in the Andean eco-system. The volume represents a substantial contribution to our understanding of Andean rural society and the nature of the Latin American peasantry and peasant economy. It will appeal to all those interested in economic anthropology, Latin America, peasant studies and the capitalist world-economy.

Indiens --- Paysannerie --- Conditions économiques --- Discours, essais, conférences. --- Andes --- Arts and Humanities --- Philosophy --- Indians of South America --- Peasants --- Economic conditions. --- American aborigines --- American Indians --- Indigenous peoples --- Peasantry --- Agricultural laborers --- Rural population --- Marks (Medieval land tenure) --- Villeinage --- Ethnology --- Andean Mountain Range --- Andean Mountains --- Andean Range --- Andes Mountain Range --- Andes Mountain Ranges --- Andes Mountains --- Andes Range --- Andes Ranges --- Anti (Mountains) --- Antis (Mountains) --- Cordillera de los Andes --- Los Andes --- The Andes