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Magnetosphere and Solar Winds, Humans and Communication consists of ten chapters organized into two sections. The first section presents a full description of the magnetosphere and its effect on the solar wind, climatic modes, the Polar Cap index in relation to magnetosphere disturbances (substorms and magnetic storms), recent developments and challenges in developed ionosphere models, and more. The second section discusses solar flux, solar proton activity over the solar cycle, temporal variation of the sun's activity, and macroscopic scales of spin.

Magnetosphere. --- Solar wind.

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Magnetosphere --- Magnétosphère --- Congresses --- Congrès

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The past forty years of space research have seen a substantial improvement in our understanding of the Earth’s magnetosphere and its coupling with the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic ?eld (IMF). The magnetospheric str- ture has been mapped and major processes determining this structure have been de?ned. However, the picture obtained is too often static. We know how the magnetosphere forms via the interaction of the solar wind and IMF with the Earth’s magnetic ?eld. We can describe the steady state for various upstream conditions but do not really understand the dynamic processes leading from one state to another. The main dif?culty is that the magnetosphere is a comp- cated system with many time constants ranging from fractions of a second to days and the system rarely attains a steady state. Two decades ago, it became clear that further progress would require multi-point measurements. Since then, two multi-spacecraft missions have been launched — INTERBALL in 1995/96 and CLUSTER II in 2000. The objectives of these missions d- fered but were complementary: While CLUSTER is adapted to meso-scale processes, INTERBALL observed larger spatial and temporal scales. However, the number of papers taking advantage of both missions simul- neously is rather small.

Magnetosphere. --- Magnetosphere --- Magnétosphère --- Congresses. --- Congrès --- EPUB-LIV-FT LIVPHYSI SPRINGER-B

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Solar system --- Outer space --- Magnetosphere --- Atmosphere, Upper --- Magnétosphère --- Congresses --- Congrès --- Sun --- Soleil --- Congresses. --- Magnétosphère --- Congrès --- Upper atmosphere

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This book describes physical conditions in the upper atmosphere and magnetosphere of the Earth. The account is introductory, at a level suitable for readers with a basic inderstanding of physics and explains the principles of physical investigation. The principal material covers the neutral and ionized upper atmosphere, the magnetosphere, and structures, dynamics, disturbances and irregularities. This textbook is suitable for advanced undergraduates and new postgraduates who are taking introductory courses in upper atmospheric, ionospheric, or magnetospheric physics.

Atmosphere, Upper --- Atmospheric physics --- Magnetosphere --- Ionosphere --- Haute atmosphère --- Physique de l'atmosphère --- Magnétosphère --- Ionosphère --- Haute atmosphère --- Physique de l'atmosphère --- Ionosphère --- Magnétosphère --- Upper atmosphere. --- Atmospheric physics. --- Ionosphere. --- Magnetosphere. --- Haute atmosphère. --- Physique de l'atmosphère. --- Magnétosphère. --- Ionosphère. --- Haute atmosphère. --- Physique de l'atmosphère. --- Magnétosphère. --- Ionosphère.